1. Risk Factors for Injuries in Western Asia Adnan A. Hyder, MD MPH PhD International Injury Research Unit Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA

2. The Disease Causation Model Microorganism Environment Vector Infectious disease model Host

3. Injury Causation Model Microorganism Environment Vector Infectious disease model Injury model Energy Environment Host Vector or Vehicle Host

4. Risks for road injuries

5. Road traffic fatalities are predicted to increase by 67% by the year 2020

6. Risks for Road Traffic Injuries… Exposure: Mode of travel Poverty Road design Crash: Speed Alcohol/drugs Vulnerability Injury Severity Speed Lack of restraints Lack of helmets Outcome EMS Quality of care Timeliness

7. Risks for Child Injuries Poisoning Falls Road Traffic Drowning

8. % of those <14y vehicle occupants who died and were found to have used safety restraints? = Zero (0%) % of those 10-14y traffic victims who were driving? = 24% The lack of known safety interventions is a RISK for injuries! 8 Example of Risk Factors from UAE: Source: UAE University, 2008

9. Homes & Childhood Poisoning Household chemicals (poisons) – cleaners, medicines, kerosene – within easy reach of children

10. Schools and Playground Falls Millions of children get injured during daily life At school, falls during play and in play grounds are common

11. Risks for Road Traffic Injuries

12. Rural Areas & Risks for Drowning PondDitch Canal Submerged paddy field

13. 13 Ghantoot Car Crash, March 2008 – 5 killed, 277 injured Risk factors for injuries are both predictable and preventable!

14. Adnan A. Hyder (ahyder@jhsph.edu)ahyder@jhsph.edu From: International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Univ. www.jhsph.edu/dept/IH/IIRU Thank you!