1. Unit: Memoirs and Mechanics
Lesson: Commas

2. End Marks What is an end mark? What are the different kinds of end
An end mark is also known as punctuation, and comes at the end of a sentence. It lets you know when to stop.
What are the different kinds of end
Period
Questions mark
Exclamation mark

3. The Comma A comma is a punctuation mark.
It tells us to take a brief pause when we are reading.
It is the most common punctuation mark, but has to be used carefully.
It is overused, underused, and abused!
Comma can change the meaning of a sentence.

4. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #1
Use commas to separate items in a list of three or more.
Incorrect: I need to buy milk eggs and bread.
Correct: I need to buy milk, eggs, and bread.

5. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #2
Use a comma to separate independent clauses (complete thoughts) when they are joined by the following conjunctions:
Note: The comma should come before the conjunction.
Incorrect: I want to buy the new jacket but is it too expensive.
Correct: I want to buy the new jacket, but is it too expensive.
And Or
For
Nor So
Yet
But

6. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #3
Use a comma to separate a dependent clause (incomplete thought) from an independent clause (complete thought).
Incorrect: Without water the plant will die.
Correct: Without water, the plant will die.

7. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #4
Use a comma(s) to separate any interrupting word or phrase. This phrase usually provides extra information about the subject.
Incorrect: My mother on the other hand does not like chocolate.
Correct: My mother, on the other hand, does not like chocolate.

8. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #5
Use a comma to separate a quotation from the rest of a sentence.
Incorrect: “We need to buy more sugar” she said “before it runs out!”
Correct: “We need to buy more sugar,” she said, “before it runs out!”

9. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #6
Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of a sentence.
Incorrect: Hi how are you?
Correct: Hi, how are you?

10. 8 Comma Rules
Rule #7
Use a comma to separate the name of a city from a country or state.
Incorrect: I live in Chapel Hill North Carolina.
Correct: I live in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

11. 8 Comma Rules Rule #8 See worksheet
Use a comma to separate the day of the week, the day of the month, and the year.
Incorrect: Today is Thursday April
Correct: Today is Thursday, April 18, 1943.
See worksheet

12. The Colon Used to show time Used before a list 11:35 PM
I will need the following items from the store: bread, bananas, and milk.

13. Apostrophe Apostrophes are used to form possessive nouns
Apostrophes are used to form contractions
See worksheet