1. Low Vision in the classroom Ann Heard Low Vision and Blind Support Email: heard.ann48@yahoo.com

2. Definition Impaired visual function caused by any disorder of the eye or visual system. Resulting in a reduced level of vision that cannot be improved to normal with glasses, contacts, medication or surgery. Individuals have difficulty engaging in normal day-to-day activities. Best-corrected vision in better eye becomes less than 6/18.

3. In the Classroom Learners in the classroom need to see their educator, classmates, the blackboard, TV, computer, overheads and presentations. They need to take notes, complete assignments, read and take tests. For low vision learners, many of these tasks are more difficult.

4. Individuality The range of medical conditions which may give rise to visual impairment is both large and complex. The educator needs to understand the functional vision of the learner so this may be put into effective use.

5. Different Eye Conditions Different Needs Depending on Condition? Bright or dim light Light from side or back Enlarged print or normal Simple magnifiers or technology Cane or not

6. The Whole Learner Important to identify needs early, if undetected or treated in an unsuitable or non-empathetic manner can give rise to :- Poor reading and writing skills Learner could become inattentive Learner could become distracted and disruptive Presentation and accuracy of work may suffer

7. Important to Recognise Signs The learner may run the risk of social and emotional challenges as a result of his/her inability to cope with the demands of a highly visually oriented world. Sometimes not easy for educator to recognise, as learner who has never seen normally, does not know what he is supposed to see.

8. Look for Bloodshot Cloudy Turn In Turn Out Unusual Movement Excessive Blinking Eye Rubbing Eyes Move Independently Constant Frowning Shuts or covers one eye Excessive Irritability during close activities Holds toys close Knocks things over Moves head not eyes

9. Observe!!! Reading, writing and drawing difficulty Poor concentration when using near vision Difficulty recognising colours Stumbles over objects Bumps into objects Difficulties with lighting (glare) Walks with shuffle or stoop Dislikes physical activity

10. Listen!!! “I can’t see that” “I see two” “I feel dizzy” “My head hurts” “I feel sick”

11. Frequently asked questions How can contrast be used? Does the learner need more time to complete tasks? Must I help the learner move around? Must the learner use bright strong colours? Can the learner use a pencil or a koki? Can the learner be encouraged to play rough and tumble? What about technology?

12. Frequently asked questions Must I reorganise the environment? What lighting is good? How does glare affect? Will making things bigger help? Can spectacles help? Should the learner sit close to me?

13. I Can See I - Illumination C – Colour and Contrast S - Size (magnification)

14. 10 Simple Tips Allow the learner to select preferred seating, preferably away from glare sources such as windows. Permit low vision learner to wear sunglasses or a hat with visor if they are helpful inside. Provide with hand-outs rather than being required to copy from the board. Hand-outs should be the correct size print for the learner. Provide extra time to complete work, tests and assignments as well as adjust to the learning environment. Allow learner to use technology equipped with screen enlarging software.

15. 10 Simple Tips (cont) Provide learner with a tilted desk. Provide learner with large print and broad writing materials (felt-tip pens) to increase visibility. Allow learner to use simple magnifiers, telescopes. Consider having a class session so schoolmates can learn what visual disorders are all about. Finally, the teacher should inquire to be certain the student can see what is being presented. Don’t assume that if they don’t say anything, they are able to see it.

16. Team Support Needed Family - immediate and extended GP Ophthalmologist Geneticist Optometrist Low Vision Optometrist Orientation and Mobility Instructor Educator Specialist Educator Skills Developer Psychologist OT Audiologist Orthoptist Neurologist NGO Social Worker

17. Communication Important that all information regarding the learner is shared throughout the learner’s school career.

18. Not all vision impairment is the same Each learner is an individual Join hands with the Team Be adaptable Observe and listen Learner’s needs will change as he develops UNDERSTAND THE LEARNER’S EYE CONDITION! Points to Remember