1. Aim: What conditions existed which promoted the industrial revolution in Great Britain? Title: Origins of the Industrial Revolution Do Now: 1. Reviewing Guided Reading Handout (20.3) – Yesterday’s handout. 2. With the exception of the above listed, please hand in your homework.

2. 1. at home [due to civil & religious disputes/wars surrounding the Protestant Reformation] 2. North America 3. slave ships [took Spanish bullion, resources, and slaves] 4. around the globe [Drake was an infamous “seadog” aka pirate – very loyal to Elizabeth I] 5. trading posts [focused on commerce = $$/source of wealth] 6. win their support and loyalty

3. 7. Northwest Passage 8. Henry Hudson [that’s why we have a river in NY called – don’t tell me, I know, I know….. hmm! I forgot, sorry!] 9. slavery [slaves did all of the dirty/backbreaking work – brought over via the Middle Passage/Atlantic Slave Trade] 10. Britain [colonies were created for the sole purpose of “serving” the motherland. Post-Reading Quick Check: Colonists resented Britain because Parliament passed laws to enforce the policy of mercantilism. One law required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain. Other laws discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods.

4. Today’s focus: We will learn about the origins/genesis of the Industrial Revolution.

5. Objective I: In your notebook, please respond to the listed questions 1.What does the word revolution mean? 2.List the types of long-term and short- term changes that revolution can bring about. 3.Based on your overall knowledge, why do you think the Industrial era is often called a revolution?

6. 1. Change 2. Peace, improved human rights, better living conditions, or vice versa. 3. Extreme changes in economy and society. For example: a change from making things by hand to making them in factories.

7. OBJECTIVE II Imagine: If you were to create a stew/soup called Industrial Revolution what will definitely be required? List and then examine some of the key ingredients that will be required to bring forth a great “dish” and be considered a great chef in the process. Please try to be creative and think back to your homework.

8. What are the factors of production? List them. Explain what physical, human, & geographic factors gave Great Britain each of its factors of production. Identify some parts of the world that remain non- industrialized and to explain why this is so.

9. What are the factors of production? List them. Explain what physical, human, & geographic factors gave Great Britain each of its factors of production. Identify some parts of the world that remain non- industrialized and to explain why this is so. Land, capital, labor.Natural resources, enclosure movement created wealth, and large labor force in centralized area. Students should identify missing factors of production. Britain & other European powers depended on the non- industrialized world for its much needed resources & labor = Imperialism

10. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? Brainstorm activity…. come on up…..

11. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? Why England? Read page 545 & 549 and list all of the reasons given Most of nations throughout Europe had the factors of production and natural resources necessary for an Industrial Revolution to thrive. However, it started in England, and not somewhere Else. Why? What was happening in the rest of Europe throughout the late 18 th and early 19 th Centuries?

12. Industrial Revolution Wouldn’t this be a great essay question? Wink, Wink! Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? If you ever see a question like this, here are some tips: Be sure to address what is necessary for an Industrial Revolution to start in the first place. Why did it start in England, and not elsewhere in Europe?

13. Why did it start in England? [shorten version] Read page 545 & 549 and list all of the reasons given Large population of workers Extensive natural resources required for Industrialization An expanding economy to support industrialization Businesspeople invested in the manufacture of new inventions Highly developed banking system Growing overseas trade Economic prosperity Climate of progress Political Stability No wars fought on their soil A positive attitude Parliament had passed laws that protected business and helped expansion

14. Why the Industrial Revolution Started in England Capital for investing in the means of production Colonies and Markets for manufactured goods Raw materials for production Workers Merchant marine Geography

15. England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution No concrete start date for the Industrial Revolution Marked by gradual, slow changes After 1750 – these changes were noticeable first in England

16. England’s Resources: Capital The Commercial Revolution made many English merchants very wealthy These merchants had the capital to invest in the factory system – money to buy buildings, machinery, and raw materials

17. England’s Resources: Capital The Commercial Revolution made many English merchants very wealthy These merchants had the capital to invest in the factory system – money to buy buildings, machinery, and raw materials

18. England’s Resources: Colonies and Markets  Wealth from the Commercial Revolution spread beyond the merchant class  England had more colonies than any other nation  Its colonies gave England access to enormous markets and vast amounts of raw materials  Colonies had rich textile industries for centuries Many of the natural cloths popular today, such as calico and gingham, were originally created in India China had a silk industry

19. England’s Resources: Raw Materials England itself possessed the necessary raw materials to create the means of production Coal – vast coal reserves powered steam engines Iron – basic building block of large machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships

20. England’s Resources: Workers Serfdom and guilds ended earlier in England than other countries English people could freely travel from the countryside to the cities Enclosure Acts – caused many small farmers to lose their lands, and these former farmers increased the labor supply

21. England’s Resources: Merchant Marine World’s largest merchant fleet Merchant marine built up from the Commercial Revolution Vast numbers of ships could bring raw materials and finished goods to and from England’s colonies and possessions, as well as to and from other countries

22. England’s Resources: Geography  England is the political center of Great Britain, an island  Great Britain (as the entire island was called beginning in 1707) did not suffer fighting on its land during the wars of the 18 th century  Island has excellent harbors and ports  Damp climate benefited the textile industry (thread did not dry out)  Government stable  No internal trade barriers

23. Objective III What is the concept of supply and demand? How does it work? Select one invention from those listed on pages 546-547. Based on your analysis of 22.1, writing on the board, I need a few volunteers to thoroughly explain how that invention created a new need. Volunteers must also describe how human ingenuity met that need.

24. General overview of demand & supply – Do Not copy, just read. Notes: An excellent example of this phenomenon is the personal computer or cell phone. Cell phones were initially used by professionals who needed fast communications for business. The everyday usefulness of cell phones was quickly apparent, increasing demand. Cell phone towers were built around the globe, and cell phone technology continues to grow more complex. Compare the original “brick” cell phone to the [sleek, small, and innovative iPhone.

25. Demand & Supply of Apple products Or: Consider an Apple iPhone &/or iPhone – think of how Apple products have helped to revolutionize consumer interaction/utilization of music, videos, computing, etc.

26. What came first? Electricity, or products that use electricity? Think of all of the countless inventions that have been spurred/inspired by the creation of electricity. Like NBC’s TV series, “Revolution,” think of what our world would look like sans [without] electricity. With the creation [supply] of electricity = high demand of electrical production/demand of products used electricity.

27. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention” [high demand for wool clothing] Spinning machine Need to speed up weaving Power loom created

28. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention” [high demand for cotton products] Power loom Increased demand for raw cotton Invention of the cotton gin

29. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention” As more steam- powered machines were built, factories needed more coal to create this steam Mining methods improved to meet the demand for more coal The process of inventing never ends One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions

30. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention” Cotton ginDemands for stronger iron Improvements in iron smelting and the development of steel (Bessemer process)

32. Review Questions: Review Ch. 22.1 1.What was the Industrial Revolution? 2.Describe at least three developments of the Industrial Revolution. 3.Compare and contrast the domestic and factory methods of production. 4.Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? 5.Explain why one invention or development leads to another.

33. Review Questions 6.Explain how developments in the textile industry sparked the Industrial Revolution. 7.Describe at least three developments in the area of transportation. 8.Describe at least three developments in the field of communications. 9.Considering the conditions necessary for industrialization to occur, how well equipped is the undeveloped world for becoming industrialized? Are modern undeveloped nations in a better or worse position than 18 th - and 19 th -century England?