2. Physical Science Introduction Chapters 1

3. On time for class!!! Tardy – 3 times count as an absence. 5 absences are allowed. Loss of credit will result on the 6th.

4. Exempt Absences Religious Holidays Medical (with doctor’s note) Funerals Legal 2 Field Trips per Term College Visits 3 Junior Year 3 Senior Year

5. Materials Needed for Class 5 Subject Notebook Writing Utensil Physical Science Book

6. Textbooks All Textbooks will be covered at all times!!! Textbooks will be covered today!!!

7. FOOD NO FOOD OR DRINK, OTHER THAN WATER, IS ALLOWED IN CLASS.

8. Equipment FAILURE TO PROPERLY USE AND CARE FOR THE EQUIPMENT COULD RESULT IN YOUR REMOVAL FROM CLASS.

9. Grading 30% - Homework 30% - Tests 10% - Quizzes 15% - Labs 10% - Term Project 5% - Notebook

10. Grading 97-100 - A+ 93-96 - A 90-92 - A- 87-89 - B+ 83-86 - B 80-82 - B- 77-79 - C+ 73-76 - C 70-72 - A- 67-69 - D+ 63-66 - D 60-62 - D- 59 and below - F

11. Year Grading 20% - Term 1 20% - Term 2 10% - Mid-Year Exam 20% - Term 3 20% - Term 4 10% - Final Exam

12. Homework + (95%)  (75%) - (50%) 0 (00%)

13. Exams and Quizzes Exams will be given on days 3, 5, and 7. Quizzes could be given on any day.

14. Emergency Exit from 127 Turn left down the hall. Stay to the left hand side. Exit building. Cross road to softball field.

15. Physical Science Book 1. Hingham High School Website 2. Go to the left column – Teachers 3. Select – Mr. Clune 4. Select – Physical Science 5. Select – Physical Science Book 6. Type in ID: jsmith14 7. Type password: physics

16. Homework Log onto the online Physical Science Book Find your assign section: 1-3 Write down the title of the section.

17. Chapter 1 The Nature of Science

18. Chapter 1 Pretest 1. True or False: Science and technology are not related. 2. Which of the following are areas of science? a. biology and chemistry b. astronomy and geology c. zoology and botany d. all of the above 3. Why do scientists document their observations and experiments?

19. 4. Which number is largest? a. 1.13 X 10 9 b. 3.51 X 10 3 c. 5.88 X 10 5 d. 7.92 X 10 2 5. Which unit can be used to measure volume? a. m b. m 2 c. m 3 Chapter 1 Pretest

20. 6. Which of the following units is the longest? a. meter b. centimeter c. kilometer d. millimeter Chapter 1 Pretest

21. 7. What is the slope of a line? Chapter 1 Pretest

22. 8. What types of graphs have you seen before? Chapter 1 Pretest

23. Bar

24. Chapter 1 Pretest Line

25. Chapter 1 Pretest Pie or Circle

26. Section 1.1 Interest Grabber Science Improves Our Quality of Life Advances in science have led to devices that make our lives easier and more pleasant. For example, the microwave oven makes it possible to prepare meals and snacks in minutes rather than hours.

27. Section 1.1 Interest Grabber 1. Name five household devices that make your life easier or more pleasant. 2. Go through your list and describe how each device’s function was accomplished before its invention.

28. Section 1.1 Interest Grabber 2. Go through your list and describe how each device’s function was accomplished before its invention.

29. How does science start?

30. Science ends with?

31. Pure Science The study of nature in the world around us.

32. Applied Science: Technology The practical use of scientific information.

33. Natural Sciences Physical Science Earth Science Life Science

34. Physical Sciences Physics Chemistry

35. Structure of matter Composition Properties Reactions

36. Physics Force

37. Physics Sound

38. Physics Light

39. Physics Electricity

40. Physics Energy

41. Physics Motion

42. Homework Section 1-1 Review Sheet Due: 9/14/09

43. Natural Science Physical The study of living things.

44. Experiment Design Your Own Experiment Suppose that you want to conduct a test to see which brand of cleanser produces the best results when cleaning a kitchen floor. Think about how you would conduct this test.

45. 1.What materials would you need? 2.What procedure would you follow? 3.How would you determine which cleanser produces the best results?

46. We need a problem!!!

47. Solving Problems 2 + 2 = ? Problem Exercise

48. Problem A problem is a situation in which something appears to be missing.  X n = ?

49. Solving Problems Use what you know, predict a solution, try it. Hypothesis

50. Solving Problems Look for patterns!!! 2 5 11 23 47 ? 95

51. Solving Problems Develop a model!!!

52. Solving Problems Break the problem into smaller parts. 2*5+11*3=? 10 + 33 =? 43

53. Scientific Method Hypothesis Experiment no yes Theory and Laws

54. Scientific Theory Scientific Theory A Scientific Theory is an explanation based on many observations supported by experimental results.

55. Scientific Law Scientific Law A Scientific Law is a rule of nature that sums up related observations and experimental results to describe a pattern in nature.

56. Experiment Experiment An Experiment is an organized procedure for testing a hypothesis.

57. Parts of the Experiment Control Group Experimental Group Constant Manipulated Variable Responding Variable

58. Experiment Will Aspirin prevent heart attacks? Aspirin

59. Scientific Method Problem:Aspirin prevent heart attacks?

60. Scientific Method Problem:Aspirin prevent heart attacks? Hypothesis:Aspirin does prevent heart attacks. Test Hypothesis: Experiment Analyze Results Draw Conclusion

61. Control Group In an experiment, a standard for comparison that is often needed to form a meaningful conclusion.

62. Experimental Group In an experiment, the group that the experiment is performed on.

63. Constant In an experiment, the factor that doesn’t change. Amount of aspirin, food, water, etc…

64. Manipulated Variable In an experiment, the factor adjusted to a different value by the experimenter to see what effect it will have on the dependent variable.

65. Responding Variable In an experiment, the factor whose value changes because of a change in the independent variable.

66. Homework 1-2 Section 1-2 Worksheet Due: 9/16/10

67. Chapter 1- 3 Measurement

68. Using Scientific Notation scientific notation a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. 150,000,000km 1.5 x 10 8 km

69. Multiplying in Scientific Notation (2 x 10 8 )(3 x 10 4 ) x 1. Multiply numbers in front: 2x32x3=6 2. Add the exponents: 8+48+4=12

70. 3. Put back together: 6 x 10 12 4. Check Scientific Notation: 6.0 x 10 12 YES

71. Dividing in Scientific Notation (4 x 10 22 )(8 x 10 4 ) ÷ 1. Divide numbers in front: 4÷84÷8=.5 2. Subtract the exponents: 22 - 4=18

72. 3. Put back together: 0.5 x 10 18 4. Check Scientific Notation: No 0.5 x 10 18 5 x 10 17

73. Adding and Subtracting in Scientific Notation (4 x 10 4 )(8.2 x 10 3 ) + 1. Change numbers to same exponent: 2. Add the numbers in front: 4+0.82=4.82 (4 x 10 4 )(0.82 x 10 4 ) +

74. 3. Put back together: 4.82 x 10 4 4. Check Scientific Notation: Yes

75. Standards of Measurement English System

76. Standards of Measurement International System of Units (SI) Metric System

77. English vs. Metric feet yard mile inches meter

78. Metric System Based on Powers of Ten 10 3 10 2 10 1 1000 100 10 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 0.1 0.01 0.001

79. Metric System Prefixes Base Unit kilo Mega Giga milli micro nano decicenti

80. Metric System Prefixes Giga - G 1,000,000,000 1 x 10 9 Mega - M 1,000,000 1 x 10 6 Kilo - k 1,000 1 x 10 3 deci - d 0.1 1 x 10 -1 centi - c 0.01 1 x 10 -2 milli - m 0.001 1 x 10 -3 micro - µ 0.000 001 1 x 10 -6 nano - n 0.000 000 001 1 x 10 -9

81. Metric System Prefixes milli nano 0 000123 mm = ____nm 123.nm.

82. Metric System Prefixes 123 kg = ____Mg 0.123Mg Mega kilo.

83. Metric System Prefixes 12,300,000 mm = ____km 12.3km kilomilli

84. Using SI Units

85. Length – Meter (m)

86. Length – Kilometer (km) 1km=.6mile

89. Volume – Liter (L)

90. 1dm 3 =1L

91. Volume – Liter (L)

92. 1cm 1cm 3 =1mL

93. Volume – Liter (L) 1L=1.05qt

94. Temperature (°C, K) BP of H 2 O FP of H 2 O Absolute Zero (K = °C + 273)

95. Time – Seconds (s)

96. Mass – KiloGram (kg) 1kg=2.2lbs

97. Derived Units Derived units are made from combinations of base units. Density is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. Density = Mass Volume g cm 3

98. Precision is a gauge of how exact a measurement is and can the results be repeated. Precision

99. The precision of a calculated answer is limited by the least precise measurement used in the calculation. 2.54m 2.6m2.538m

100. Accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured. Accuracy 2.54m 2.6m2.538m actual value = 2.53m

101. neither precise nor accurate

102. precise not accurate

103. not precise accurate

104. precise accurate

105. Thermometer Measures Temperature Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) Centigrade (°C) Kelvin (K)

106. Significant Figures

107. What is a significant figure? There are 2 kinds of numbers: Exact: the amount of money in your account. Known with certainty.

108. What is a significant figure? Approximate: weight, height—anything MEASURED. No measurement is perfect.

109. When to use Significant figures When a measurement is recorded only those digits that are dependable are written down.

110. When to use Significant figures If you measured the width of a paper with your ruler you might record 21.7cm. To a mathematician 21.70, or 21.700 is the same.

111. But, to a scientist 21.7cm and 21.70cm is NOT the same 21.700cm to a scientist means the measurement is accurate to within one thousandth of a cm.

112. But, to a scientist 21.7cm and 21.70cm is NOT the same If you used an ordinary ruler, the smallest marking is the mm, so your measurement has to be recorded as 21.7cm.

113. How do I know how many Sig Figs? Rule: All digits are significant starting with the first non- zero digit on the left.

114. How do I know how many Sig Figs? Exception to rule: In whole numbers that end in zero, the zeros at the end are not significant.

115. How many sig figs? 7 40 0.5 0.00003 7 x 10 5 7,000,000 1 1 1 1 1 1

116. How do I know how many Sig Figs? 2 nd Exception to rule: If zeros are sandwiched between non-zero digits, the zeros become significant.

117. How do I know how many Sig Figs? 3rd Exception to rule: If zeros are at the end of a number that has a decimal, the zeros are significant.

118. How do I know how many Sig Figs? 3rd Exception to rule: These zeros are showing how accurate the measurement or calculation are.

119. How many sig figs here? 1.2 2100 56.76 4.00 0.0792 7,083,000,000 2 2 4 3 3 4

120. How many sig figs here? 3401 2100 2100.0 5.00 0.00412 8,000,050,000 4 2 5 3 3 6

121. What about calculations with sig figs? Rule: When adding or subtracting measured numbers, the answer can have no more places after the decimal than the LEAST of the measured numbers.

122. Add/Subtract examples 2.45cm + 1.2cm = 3.65cm, Round off to = 3.7cm 7.432cm + 2cm = 9.432 round to  9cm

123. Multiplication and Division Rule: When multiplying or dividing, the result can have no more significant figures than the least reliable measurement.

124. A couple of examples 56.78 cm x 2.45cm = 139.111 cm 2 Round to  139cm 2 75.8cm x 9.6cm = ?

125. Homework Section 1-3 Due: 9/17/09

126. Presenting Scientific Data Section 1-4

127. Graphing Graphs are visual display of information or data.

128. Line Graph

129. Direct Proportion A relationship between two variables in which their ratio is constant. Linear (Straight line!!)

131. Slope The steepness of a line, equal to the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change. Slope = Rise Run yxyx =

133. Inverse Proportion A relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant when all other variables are held constant.

135. Bar Graph counting A Bar Graph is useful for comparing information collected by counting.

137. Bar Graph

138. Line Graph Line graphs are used to show trends or how the data changes over time.

139. Pie or Circle Graph

140. A Pie or Circle Graph is used to represent the total. The slices of the Pie represent the part or percentage of the total.

141. Communicate Data!!!!!

142. Homework Section 1-4 Wordwise Math Due: 9/20/10 Test: 9/25!!

143. Homework – (Note Cards!!!!) Page: 28 Look-up Voc. Words Write down definitions! Due: 9/18 Test: 9/19!!

144. Test!!!!!! Test!!!!! on Wednesday 9/21/05

145. 1 Measure the Length of the science book.

146. 2 Measure the width of the science book.

147. 3 Measure the thickness of the science book.

148. 4 Calculate the volume of the science book in cm 3.

149. 5 Measure the volume of the liquid.

150. 6 Measure the mass of your pen.

151. 7 Measure the mass of your notebook.

152. 8 Measure the volume of the liquid.

153. 9 Measure the width of a cinder block using just the meter side.

154. 10 Measure the width of a cinder block using just the decimeter side.

155. 11 Measure the width of a cinder block using just the centimeter side.

156. 12 Measure the width of a cinder block using just the millimeter side.

157. 13 Measure the length of a cabinet door.

158. 14 Measure the width of a cabinet door.

159. 15 Calculate the area of the cabinet door.

160. No Need to Count Pennies Lab Table 2-1 CoinsMass (g)Thickness (mm) 1 2 3 4 6 8 10

161. Coins Mass (g)