2. Alternative Fuels Electricity Electric Car Early History Invented between 1832 and 1839 by Robert Anderson storage batteries were improved in 1865 and 1881 Electric Car Middle years Disappeared by 1935 until the 1960s Developed to reduce pollution and dependence on foreign oil Personal vehicles top speed of 45mph with a range of 50 miles

3. Alternative Fuels Electricity Legislative Actions 1990 Clean Air Act 1992 Energy policy Act California Air Resources Board regulations Advancements Longer range Faster recharge time increased speed Electric Car 1990 - 1997

4. Alternative Fuels Electricity Electric Car 1990 - 1997 60 mile range 7 hour recharge 80 mph 80 mile range 70 mph 80 -100 mile range $30,00- $40,000 in 1998 was too expensive for the average consumer

5. Alternative Fuels Electricity Electric Car Today 2010 Tesla Roadster 125 mph 0-60 in 3.9 seconds 220 mile range Plug-in charge overnight Home connector charge 4 hours $128,000

6. Alternative Fuels Electricity CONS Long recharge time Recharge from the grid Expensive maintenance Batteries are expensive and toxic waste PROS Emission free 3 X more efficient than ICE If charged from renewable sources Zero Emission Vehicle New longer lasting and faster charging batteries as well as other technologies are currently being developed See ahead about hydrogen as a source of electricity

7. Alternative Fuels Electricity TIME WILL TELL

8. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars How does a hybrid car work Video http://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm Chevy Malibu Honda Insight Toyota Prius

9. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars Gasoline -Electric Hybrid Most common Hybrid on the road Small ICE with reduced emissions and increase efficiency Advanced electric motor also acts as a generator Battery storage Ford Escape The hybrid Experience http://videos.howstuffworks.com/webridestv/5539-the-hybrid-experience-video.htm

10. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars Series Hybrid The gasoline turns a generator The generator can charge the battery or The generator can power the electric motor The gasoline engine never directly drives the vehicle

11. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars Parallel Hybrid The gasoline powers the engine The batteries supply power to an electric motor The generator can power the electric motor Both the gasoline engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission

12. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle(PHEV) Recharge through the grid 9 cents/kwh = 30mi for 81 cents = 75 cents/gl of gasoline If all vehicles were plug-in hybrids we would cut our oil needs by 55%

13. Alternative Fuels Hybrid Cars CONS Expensive Batteries are expensive and toxic waste PROS 20% -25% better mileage than ICE 30% reduction in emissions No recharging necessary Generator and breaks recharge batteries