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Child Labor Pictures And Readings
Miss Springborn All pictures come from the Collection of Lewis Hine who spent much of his life exposing the horrors of child labor
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Left - Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, South Carolina. Mid - Adolescent girls from Bibb Mfg. Co. in Macon, Georgia. Right - Doffer boys. Macon, Georgia.
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Glassmaking Job Description: Assistants to the glassblowers in intense heat, overnight, unhealthy and hazardous conditions Hours: Typically at night from 5pm to 3am Wages: 65 cents a day Age: Thousands of boys between 10-14, over 16 too clumsy Dangers and Illness/injury: Low life expectancy, eye trouble, lung ailments, heat exhaustion, fumes, broken glass, cuts/burns
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The Factory
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Canneries Job Description: taking the meat out of oysters using knives
Hours: Start as early as 3am until late afternoon Wages: 5 cents for a pail of oyster meat, children usually only 2 pails a day Age: As early as 6,7, and 8 years old, some earlier! Dangers and Illness/injury: Acid from the shrimp ate holes in shoes, fingers were bleeding and swollen, soaked in solutions to help heal,
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Sea Food Workers
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Mining Job Description: Worked as breakers, mule drivers, couplers, runners, spraggers, and gate tenders, coal miners, many worked in almost darkness Hours: 9 to 10 hours per day Wages: 60 cents a day Age: Boys: employed legally, many as young at employed illegally Dangers and Illness/injury: Could be mangled or killed in coal chutes, smothered to death, beaten for not working hard enough, cut fingers, sick from bad air
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Miners
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Textile Mills Job Description: Worked as spinners, doffers, and sweepers, fixing thread in machines, replacing bobbins and broken thread, loud and hot inside Hours: 12 hour day, 6 days a week Wages: 50 cents a day Age: Boys and Girls, As young as 6 or 7 Dangers and Illness/injury: Lost fingers in machine, foot smashed by machines, hot/steamy air made it hard to breathe, chronic lung diseases, shorter life expectancy, could fall into the machinery, accident rate 2x more for children
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Mill Workers
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Farm Kids Job Description: Helped picking in the field, tending to the animals, digging, back-breaking Hours: Sun-up to sun-down, many days past sunset, as much as 14 hours a day!!! Wages: On a family farm you worked for free Age: As young as 3 years old!!!! Dangers and Illness/injury: back breaking work, cut from knives, working in the dark, all weather, cold icy fields
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Field and Farm Work
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Newsies Job Description: Spread out across the city to sell the papers
Hours: Got in line early to get papers, sold all day until their papers were gone, sometimes worked a second job as a “little salesman” Wages: a few cents a day IF they sold all their papers Age: Typically boys, as young as 6 and 7 years old Dangers and Illness/injury: Typically homeless, lived in shelters, lack of food, roaming the streets of the city by themselves
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Newsies
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Salesman
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How do we change this?? How do we help children??
Stay tuned for our next unit on the era for changes that will start taking place…
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