1. Migration Push and Pull Factors

2. Cultural Factors The strongest reason to migrate. Forced emigration factors: Slavery Political instability

3. Culture factors Countries draw boundaries that segregate- catch people from wrong ethnic group and force them to migrate Millions of prisoners shipped to other countries

4. Refugees People forced to migrate from home that cannot return for fear of persecution or death Refugees- based on race, religion, nationality, political or social affiliation Have no home unless taken in by host country or conditions change in own country

5. Refugees U.S. Committee for Refugees 2001- 35 million refugees in need of some aid or protection. 15 million in host countries 20 million in other regions of country Two largest groups: Palestinians and Afgans

6. Refugees Two largest groups of international refugees: Palestinians Afgans

7. Refugees Two largest groups of internal refugees: Sudan Angola Both areas have been in the midst of civil war.

8. Pull Factors Political freedom- Eastern Europe after 1040- Berlin Wall 1990- Fall of Communist economies cause many to return to homelands

9. Environmental Factors Pull- attractive features such as climate, seas or oceans, mountains Push- harsh or hazardous conditions Water- too much or too little Okies in the 1930’s Parts of Africa

10. Obstacles to Migration Environmental Mountains, bodies of water, deserts Cultural Taken to destinations not requested Not allowed in desired areas for political reasons

11. Ravenstein Theories Most migrants: Move short distance in same country Usually from rural to urban or from old cty to new city Long distance migrants go for economic reason Stay in economic hubs

12. Ravenstein Theories Most long-distance migrants are male Today: Women are now migrating more 1990’s half of Mexican migrants are women 55% U.S. immigrants are women

13. Ravenstein Theories Most long distance migrants are adult individuals without families Today: 40% of immigrants are 25-39 Only 4% ever over age 65 16% immigrants are under age 16 Many have less formal education than Americans (undocumented Mexicans)

14. Global Migration Patterns Migration out: Asia Latin America Africa

15. Global Migration Patterns In Migration: Europe from Asia North America from Asia and Latin America and from Europe Oceania from Asia 10% of U.S. population is immigrant- less than in other countries. Highest immigration to Middle East