1. Physical Science Review

2. Lab Procedures 1.Dry hands, keep cords away from wet areas, and make sure electrical equipment is in good condition 2.Graduated Cylinder 3. Bottom curved portion of a liquid

3. Lab Procedures 4.You measure mass with a balance. 5.Slide all riders back to zero. Use the adjustment knob under the measurement tray to make sure the pointer is on zero.

4. Graphing 1.The three types of graphs are: 1.Bar graphs show relationships among groups. 2.Circle (or Pie) graphs shows percents. 3.Line graphs show how one variable changes with respect to another.

5. Graphing

6. 2.The independent variable is on the x-axis and the dependent variable is on the y-axis. DRY MIX

7. Distance vs. Time Time (s) Distance (m)

8. Atoms 1. 2.The three hydrogens have different numbers of neutrons which make them isotopes. 3.Number of protons 4.Average atomic mass of the element’s isotopes

9. Atoms ElementAtomic Number # of Protons# of Electrons (same as protons if atom is neutral) Mass Number # of Neutrons (Mass # - Protons) Mn25 5530 Zn30 6535 Ti22 4826 Ca20 4020 O888168 Ne10 2010

10. Chemical Bonding 1.Electrons in the outermost energy shell 2.Their outermost energy level is full 3.Number of energy levels that electrons exists in 4.Number of valence electrons

11. Chemical Bonding H Li Cl Ne H Li Cl Ne

12. Density 1.Mass and volume 2. D = m/v D = 11 g/2 cm 3 D = 5.5 g/cm 3 3. V = m/d V = 15 g/3 g/cm 3 V = 5 cm 3 4. V = l x w x h V = 3 m x 2 m x 1m = 6 m 3

13. Naming Compounds 1.a. NaCl b. Li 2 O c. Mg 3 N 2 2.a. Hydrogen monochloride b. Carbon monoxide c. Carbon dioxide

14. Naming Compounds 3.The name of the metal is first, followed by the nonmetal. The ending of the nonmetal is dropped and -ide is added. 4.Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds occur between two nonmetals. 5.A cation has a positive charge because it lost electrons. An anion has a negative charge because it gained electrons. Remember, cats make us happy!

15. Chemical Reactions 1.Reactants are what you begin with and products are what is produced. 2.Conservation of mass; equal 3.a. Unbalancedb. Balanced 4.a. Decomposition b. Double replacement c. Single replacement d. Synthesis e. Single replacement

16. Matter and Solubility 1.Solutes are dissolved in solvents. 2.a. stirring b. heating c. crushing 3.Contains the maximum amount of solute it can hold at that temperature. 4.Homogenous – coke Heterogeneous – chicken noodle soup 5.Substance

17. Acids and Bases 1.Sour taste, produces H + ions, ph < 7, and corrosive. 2.Bitter taste, feels slippery, produces OH - ions, ph > 7. 3.Acid 4.Base 5.Neutral 6.Base 7.Acid 8.Weak Acid..6 Weak Base..8 9.React with a base

18. Energy Transformations 1.Mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and nuclear. 2.Electrical; mechanical 3.Conservation of Energy 4.Light from the Sun is converted to electrical energy by solar panels. 5.Conduction, convection, and radiation 6.a. radiation b. convection c. conduction d. conduction e. radiation

19. Force and Motion 1.Distance and time 2.Velocity describes speed and direction 3.D = vt D = (65 mph)(3.5 hr) D = 227.5 miles 4.T = d/v T = 350 miles/72 mph T = 4.9 hrs 5.Zero 6.Change in velocity/time

20. Force and Motion 7.Slowing down 8.A car leaves a stop sign reaching a speed of 12 m/s in 10 sec. What is the acceleration? a = V f – V i /t a = 12 m/s – 0 m/s ÷ 10 sec a = 1.2 m/s 2 9.a = V f – V i /t a = 8.94 m/s – 22.35 m/s ÷ 4 sec a= -3.35 m/s 2

21. Newton’s Laws 1.An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted upon by an outside force. 2.Objects resistance to a change in motion. 3.Mass; force 4.Newton’s 3 rd Law

22. Newton’s Laws 5.Push or pull to change motion; newtons 6. F = ma F = (100 kg)(5 m/s 2 ) F = 500 N

23. Work and Machines 1.W = fd 2.Joules 3.W = fd W = (40 N)(3 m) W = 120 J 4.Machine a. Decreasing the input force b. Increasing the distance the resistance force moves c. Changing the direction of the input force

24. Work and Machines 5.MA = f output /f input f input = f output /MA f input = 100 N/2 f input = 50 N 6.Wheel & axle 10 m/5 m = 2 7.Pulley = 3 8.Inclined plane 12 m/3 m = 4

25. Waves MechanicalElectromagnetic Require a mediumDoes not require a medium 2 types (transverse and compressional) 7 types (gamma, x-rays, uv, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio) Sound wavesLight waves

26. Waves 2.Longitudinal; solid; G 3.Transverse; Gas; S 4.Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, uv, x-rays, and gamma 5.UV, x-rays, and gamma 6.Heat 7.Roy G Biv

27. Phases of Matter 1.Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma 2.All matter is composed of particles and they are in constant motion. 3.Liquid 4.Solid 5.Gas 6.Melting point 7.Boiling Point 8.Evaporation 9.Condensation

28. Phases of Matter 10. Energy is added to separate particles as ice melts; then the same amount is released as it freezes. Energy is absorbed when water vaporizes; the same amount is released when the vapor condenses.

29. The Periodic Table 1.Mendeleev 2.Periods; groups 3.Metals – left of the stair step metalloids – stair step nonmetals – right of the stair step 4.Alkali metals; they only have one electron in their outer energy level 5.Alkaline earth – they have two electrons in their outer energy level

30. The Periodic Table 6.Halogens; one electron 7.Nobel gases have a full outer energy level. 8.They can conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.