1. Work Package 3 Identifying and quantifying the main driving forces of ecosystem changes influencing the aquaculture sector and developing the appropriate environmental indicators ECASA meeting, Florence 8-9/5/2006 University of Crete

2. objective 1 to identify and quantitatively assess the role and the relative importance of the different forcing factors: (aquaculture, fisheries, pollution, eutrophication, habitat destruction etc.) and environmental variations affecting the water quality in aquaculture zones and the major ecosystem services provided

3. step 1 what are the major issues of concern in the marine environment ? identification of major issues:  partners contribution  major issues in different countries/areas experience bibliographic documentation other information sources  literature search  EEA reports  GOOS reports  GESAMP reports

4. step 1 what are the major issues of concern in the marine environment ?

5. step 1 regional perspectives Source: GESAMP 2001, A Sea of Trouble

6. step 1 regional perspectives Source: EEA, 2005. The European environment — State and outlook

7. step 2 driving forces in marine ecosystems: their role and relative importance Source: COOP – GOOS, 2003

8. interactions: the HOTO table Source: GOOS, 2001. The Final Design Plan for the HOTO Module of GOOS.

9. HOTO table interactions HOTO table interactions strength 1:Strong 2:Moderate 3:Low strength 1:Strong 2:Moderate 3:Low 1: pathogens strongly affect Aquaculture 1: wastes strongly affect nutrients Direction

10. modified HOTO-Table step 2 driving forces in marine ecosystems: their role and relative importance

11. ranking of activities with regard to aquaculture step 2 driving forces in marine ecosystems: their role and relative importance

12. objective 2 to suggest the best methods for obtaining reference levels and associated indicators useful to monitor the impact of anthropogenic factors on aquaculture

13. step 1 the impact of anthropogenic factors on aquaculture ranking of activities with regard to aquaculture

14. step 2 estimating reference levels (example) 1.aquaculture is affected by dissolved O 2 2.what are the thresholds? (literature review) 3.how often are these thresholds reached in aquaculture? 4.what is the contribution of other uses to this situation?

15.  municipal wastes  industrial wastes  agroforestry etc the research and the quantification of the above is a subject of an IP step 2 estimating reference levels (example)

16. step 3 identifying risks of anthropogenic impacts on aquaculture human activities & aquaculture Risk assessment for aquaculture in Algavre, Portugal, based on the experience of local farmers.

17. step 4 recorded risks of anthropogenic impacts on aquaculture Greece aquaculture losses (number of cases/events)

18. Spain aquaculture losses (number of cases/events) step 4 recorded risks of anthropogenic impacts on aquaculture

19. objective 3 to identify indicators of incompatibilities between uses and/or minimal distances required to avoid conflicts over environmental issues

20. PAP/RAC, 1996 objective 3 site selection

21. objective 3 indicators of incompatibilities (+) in favour of aquaculture (-) negative effect on aquaculture PAP/RAC, 1996

22. objective 3 indicators of incompatibilities incompatibilities between aquaculture and other uses (+) in favour of aquaculture (-) negative effect on aquaculture PAP/RAC, 1996

23. ICES CM, 1998 objective 3 indicators of incompatibilities

24. objective 4 to assess indicators of the interactions between aquaculture and other major uses of the coastal zone (fisheries, tourism & recreation, shipping etc)

25. objective 4, indicators synthesis of all data sources of pressures

26. weather-storms frequency of storms, wave- height, fetch openness disease and parasites production by other farms, water quality issues predator attack colonies of birds, colonies of seals, nesting beaches for sea turtles, frequency of dolphins and tunas in the area source of pressure indicator WP3 list of indicators objective 4, indicators

27. pollutiondistance from land based sources distance from waste discharge points distance from harbours distance from rivers distance from major naval routes other issues distance from fishing grounds distance from touristic facilities distance from houses source of pressure indicator WP3 list of indicators objective 4, indicators

28. to identify potential ways for measuring the additional cost caused by external environmental change objective 5 David Whitmarsh will obtain the synthesis of the available data and will analyse the associated costs on externalities

29. problems – gaps  little quantification of effects/risks ranking is used instead  problem of scale of effects and relevance to aquaculture zones