1. Population census topics Srdjan Mrkić United Nations Statistics Division United Nations Workshop on Revision 3 of Principles and recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses and Census Evaluation Amman, Jordan, 19 – 23 October 2014

2.  Population census topics recommended in the P&R are listed in paragraph 2.16 of Revision 2 of the P&R (page 112)  Based on the global and regional census experience of the last several decades; considerable agreement in regard to both their importance and the feasibility of collecting data on them in a census  The 43 topics (consisting of 25 core and 18 non-core topics) are grouped under nine headings: o Geographical and internal migration characteristics o International migration characteristics o Household and family characteristics o Demographic and social characteristics o Fertility and mortality o Educational characteristics o Economic characteristics o Disability characteristics o Agriculture 2010 Recommended topics

3. Implementation in the 2010 round of censuses  Based on a comprehensive review of census questionnaires used in 124 countries across the world—27 countries in Africa, 18 in North America, 6 in South America, 27 in Asia, 24 in Europe and 22 in Oceania  The review covered mostly countries that rely on the traditional census  Based solely on the review of census questionnaires and the information contained therein  Method for identifying the topics implemented by the countries involved a review of the wordings and the meanings contained in the instructions, question headings, questions, sub-questions, response categories, classifications and codebooks in relation to the topics, concepts, definitions, classifications and explanatory text contained in the UN Principles and Recommendations

5.  Place of usual residence and place where present at time of census o 55 countries collected on the basis of place of usual residence only, while 24 did so on the basis of presence at the time of census only; 45 countries collected on the basis of both place of usual residence and presence at the time of census o overall, 100 countries collected on the basis of usual residence, while 69 countries collected on the basis of presence at the time of census o countries used a variety of national definitions of usual residence deviating from that recommended by the P&R, particularly in regard to the time dimension of residence (12 months threshold); Geographical & internal migration characteristics

6. 1. Geographical & internal migration characteristics Total number of countries reviewed Countries that collected on place of birth Both "duration of residence" and "previous place of residence" (1) Place of previous residence at specified date in past (2) Internal migration statistics on the basis of either (1) or (2) Number % All 124 countries12495774383116 Africa272385131526 America, North18137261318 America, South66100156 Asia271970131525 Europe241667101521 Oceania221882020

7. 2. International migration characteristics Total Country of birth Citizenship or nationality Date of arrival (1) Time since arrival (2) Collection by either (1) or (2) All regions1241179954963 Africa2725 134 America, North18 814115 America, South664202 Asia272320527 Europe24232422123 Oceania22 1810212

8. 3. Household and family characteristics  Relationship to the head or other reference person oalmost all countries collected on the relationship of each household member to the head or reference person (except 3 countries) oabout 70% of countries provided categories of relationship beyond those specified in the P&R obrother/sister, uncle/aunt, nephew/niece, grand-father/grand- mother, stepchild, adopted child, and brother-in-law/sister-in- law oout of 121 countries, 41 avoided the use of the term “head of household” ­ “person 1” (used by 22 countries) ­ “reference person” (11) ­ “householder” (4) ­ “person listed first” (3) ­ “responsible person” (1)

9. 4. Demographic and social characteristics  Age  Sex  Marital status overy few countries strictly applied the P&R classification as is omost used a classification that modified or added to the minimum five categories identified in the P&R oadditional categories involved ­ de facto union (“cohabitation”, “consensual union”) (41 countries) ­ common law marriage (3) ­ Customary marriage (8) ­ registered partnership (4) ­ polygamous relationships (10) o21 countries posed a separate question on “de facto unions” as an additional subject of inquiry to marital status

10. 4. Demographic and social characteristics  Religion o80 countries collected information on the topic of religion (two- thirds of countries reviewed) odifficult to ascertain which of the two P&R concepts/definitions of religion was used ­ in 23 countries (mostly in Europe and the Caribbean sub-region of North America) the phrasing of the questions and/or accompanying instructions were helpful in ascertaining collection using the second definition (religious affiliation) ­ only in two cases (Czech Republic and Faeroe Islands) was the phrasing of the question and/or instructions helpful in ascertaining the use of the first definition of religion (religious or spiritual belief of preference) oin a number of countries the question on religion was optional and not obligatory oout of 80 questionnaires including religion, 36 (or 45 per cent) utilized the combined question/response format; 29 utilized closed question; 15 adopted an open-ended question format

11. 4. Demographic and social characteristics - Language Number of countries collecting on language Mother tongueUsual languageAbility to speak Number% % % Total (69 countries)69213027392130 Africa8225563113 America, North900444556 America, South500120480 Asia136466 18 Europe191263316421 Oceania1517853640

12. 4. Demographic and social characteristics - Language Number of countries collecting on language Open-ended question with write-in responses Question with both pre-defined response categories and write- in responses Closed question with pre-defined response categories only Number% % % Total (69 countries)69142037541826 Africa8113450338 America, North9222444333 America, South500360240 Asia13431538431 Europe193161368316 Oceania15427853320

13. 4. Demographic and social characteristics - Ethnicity Number of countries collecting on ethnicity Ethnic/ Cultural group (1) Nationality (2) Racial group/ Skin color (3) Geographic origin (4) Combination (any of 1,2,3,4) No.% % % % % Total (83 countries)834149810911222328 Africa146431717214429 America, North152130074700640 America, South4000000004100 Asia131077000000323 Europe18950739160016 Oceania191474000000526

14. 4. Demographic and social characteristics - Ethnicity Number of countries collecting on ethnicity Open-ended question with write- in responses Question with both pre-defined response categories and write- in responses Closed question with pre-defined response categories only Number% % % Total (83 countries)83161937453036 Africa142 171179 America, North1500960640 America, South400410000 Asia13323431646 Europe18633116116 Oceania19526842632

15. 5. Fertility and mortality Children ever born alive Children living Total% by Sex Total% by Sex Living in same HH Living else where All 124 countries927453 69565429 Africa (27)217817 21781910 America, North (18) 15839 1056711 America, South (6)5834 5 300 Asia (27)176311 17631388 Europe (24)14580 28000 Oceania (22)209112 14641210

16. 5. Fertility and mortality Household deaths in the past 12 months Maternal orphan- hood Paternal orphan- hood Total% by Sex Age at death Date of death Cause of death Maternal death All 124 countries 483948 22163427 Africa (27) 207420 791617 America, North (18) 7397731311 America, South (6) 2332210000 Asia (27) 134813 541122 Europe (24) 000000000 Oceania (22) 6276662477

17. 6. Educational characteristics  Literacy o75 countries out of 124 (60%) included a question on literacy oregional variation exists in implementation of topic on literacy oonly 3 countries measured literacy as an applied skill (South Africa, Samoa and Macao SAR)

18. 6. Educational characteristics  School attendance oa total of 117 countries (94 per cent) included a question on school attendance  Educational attainment o105 countries (85 per cent) included a question on educational attainment omost countries applied national classifications of levels of education  Field of education (non-core) o25 countries (20 per cent) collected information on field of education through their censuses majority of countries (16) utilized an open-ended question format  Educational qualification (non-core) o64 countries (52 per cent) included the topic of educational qualification in their census questionnaires o16 countries that collected on qualification did not pose a question on educational attainment

19. 7. Economic characteristics  Activity status (all countries; 100%)  Occupation (120 countries; 97%)  Industry (114 countries; 92%)  Status in employment (113 countries; 91%)  Non-core topics: otime worked (42 countries; 34%) oincome (34 countries; 27%) oinstitutional sector (26 countries; 21%) oemployment in informal sector & informal employment (4 countries) oplace of work (64 countries; 52%)

20. 7. Economic characteristics – Activity status Question on activity status Primary concept of economically active population Currently active pop. Reference period Usually active pop. Reference period Concept could not be ascertained All 124 countries1241031110 Africa (27)2719 last week (x18); past 4 weeks (x1) 3last year (x3)5 America, North (18)1817last week (x17)1last year (x1)0 America, South (6)66last week (x6)00 Asia (27)2719last week (x19)7 last year (x6); last 6 months (x1) 1 Europe (24)2421 last week (x20); census day (x1) 03 Oceania (22)2221last week (x21)0 1

21. 8. Disability characteristics Total number of countries reviewed Question on topic of disability Use of Washington Group Short Set of Questions Measurement of impairment (handicap) All 124 countries124943222 Africa2723212 America, North18 72 America, South6511 Asia272295 Europe241142 Oceania221590

22. 8. Disability characteristics

23. Use of Washingt on Group Short Set of Questions Essential domainsAdditional domains Wal king See- ing Hear -ing Cogn -ition Self care Com m- unica tion Upper body funct- ioning Psych- ological functio ning All regions (124 countries)32 303132171472 Africa (27)222222211 America, North (18)777776541 America, South (6)111110000 Asia (27)998893310 Europe (24)444443300 Oceania (22)99899 3110

24. 9. Agriculture  Own-account agricultural production (non-core) o42 countries (34 per cent) collected data on any household member’s agricultural production activities ointerest in collecting this information varies by region: many countries in Africa (60%), Oceania (46%) and North America (40%) collected data on this topic; very few countries in Europe and Asia included topic  Characteristics of all agricultural jobs during the last year (non-core) o41 countries (33%) collected on agricultural activity through a question other than that on occupation or industry

25.  Among topics with correspondence to existing P&R headings: o emigration; ever-lived abroad; country of birth of mother/father; country of previous residence; reason for arrival/return; remittances; o reason for changing previous place of residence; reason of absence/presence on census night; duration of absence/presence; o de facto union status; o age of mother at birth of first child born alive; o level/grade and type of educational institution (public/private) currently attending; location of school; o cause of disability Non-P&R topics

26.  Among topics not fitting under existing P&R headings: o commuting to work and/or school (main mode of transportation; length of commute time; commute start time; frequency of commute) o health insurance coverage; o birth registration/certificate; o information and communications technologies (ICTs) at the individual level—particularly with reference to access/use of the internet, computer and mobile phone Non-P&R topics

27.  Review indicates that the core and non-core population census topics as recommended in Revision 2 of the P&R have been implemented by a considerable number of countries during the 2010 round  Regional variations exist in the implementation of some of the core as well as non-core topics, with some topics being more relevant to some countries and regions than to others  It is important to emphasize that the limited scope of the review did not allow it to assess national experience in operationalizing the recommended topics—from data collection to editing, processing and analysis—and the lessons learned in the process Concluding remarks on the 2010 round

28.  List of topics  Eight clusters (one less than before)  Paragraph 4.21  Page 159  Not too many changes compared to the previous version  Major change: Disability moved to Demographic characteristics  Major change: Concept of “work” Population topics for the 2020 round

29. Definition of work  Measurement of the economic characteristics of the population is based on conceptual framework for work statistics. Eight clusters (one less than before)  In this framework, work is defined for reference purposes as “any activity performed by persons of any sex and age to produce goods or to provide services for use by others of for own use  Concept of work is aligned with the general production boundary as defined in the System of National Accounts  All work or productive activity are thus included, irrespective of their formal or informal character or the legality of the activity

30. Five mutually exclusive forms of work Intended destination of production For own final use For use by others Forms of work Own-use production work Employment (work for pay or profit) Unpaid trainee work Other work activities (by prisoners, unpaid military, ordered by courts…) Volunteer work of services of goods in market and non- market units in households producing goodsservices Relation to 2008 SNA Activities within the SNA production boundary Activities inside the SNA General production boundary