1. Today’s Lecture Summary: Microscopes A Tour of the Cell

2. Reading Assignment: Chapter 4

3. Learning Outcomes: By the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to: Recognize the different kinds of images seen through different microscopes Identify the major parts and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

4. How we study cells: Light microscope (LM) Dissecting Microscope Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

5. Magnification: - the ratio of an object’s image to its real size (e.g. 40X, 100X) Resolving power: - the measure of the clarity of an image - the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as being separate

6. Light/Compound Microscope: - uses light to magnify an object - gives a 2-D image - the different images are based on the various staining techniques used

7. Dissecting Microscope: - uses light to magnify an object - gives a 3-D image

8. Electron microscopes:  specimen preparation kills the cells  have a higher resolution than LM TEM:SEM: 2-D images3-D images

9. 1 cm = 1/100m 1mm = 1/1000m 1μm = 1 micrometer = 1 millionth of a meter 1nm = 1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter Light and electron microscopes have different magnification and resolving powers.

10. Learning Outcomes: By the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to: Recognize the different kinds of images seen through different microscopes Identify the major parts and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

11. Prokaryotic Cells:

12. Examples of prokaryotes: Bacillus polymxa : Escherichia coli :

13. There are limits to cell size:

14. Eukaryotic Cells - Animal Cell:

15. Eukaryotic Cells - Plant Cell:

16. Isolation of Cell Organelles: cell fractionation

17. Plasma membrane:

18. Nucleus and nucleolus:

19. Ribosomes: function in protein synthesis

20. Endoplasmic reticulum: - Smooth ER - Rough ER

21. Golgi apparatus:

22. Lysosome formation:

25. Lysosomes (TEM):

26. Macrophage destroying bacteria:

27. Overview of the endomembrane system:

28. Mitochondrion:

29. Cytoskeleton : functions in structural support and cell movement

30. Cytoskeleton in muscle cells:

31. Central vacuole: - found in plant cells

32. Chloroplast:

33. Cilia and flagella are found more often in animal cells:

34. Comparison of cilia and flagella:

35. Cell walls are found in plant & fungal cells:

36. Learning Outcomes: By the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to: Recognize the different kinds of images seen through different microscopes Identify the major parts and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

37. Check for understanding…

38. Animal Cell:Plant Cell: