1. Taming the Fire hose (Using visualization to explore data) Penny Rheingans University of Maryland Baltimore County

2. Visualization Tasks See values ◦ extrema ◦ anomalies ◦ boundaries/thresholds ◦ distribution / structure / pattern See multiple variables ◦ relationships See flow/change Understand process

7. The Visualization Process Refine Mapping Control

8. Volume Visualization Isosurface ◦ Pick important isolevel and render threshold surface Direct volume rendering ◦ Accumulate contributions of voxels ◦ Realistic rendering  Use physics-based illumination, accumulation, shadowing to enhance perception of data ◦ Transfer function design  Arbitrary mappings from scalar value to opacity

9. Volume Rendering Threshold surfaces Direct volume rendering

11. Photograph vs. Illustration Alice Tangerini, in Hodges89, pg 191

12. Illustration vs. Volume Rendering

13. Volume Illustration Joint work with David Ebert, Purdue University, and various students (Chris Morris, Aidong Lu, Alark Joshi) Approach ◦ Apply illustration techniques to volume models to improve comprehensibility ◦ Provide toolbox of enhancement techniques Issues ◦ What to show? ◦ How to show it? ◦ How to implement it?

14. Silhouette Enhancement Silhouette volumes are regions where ◦ there is a feature ◦ feature normal is orthogonal to view direction Actions ◦ increase opacity ◦ add outline Implementation k sc scales opacity of unenhanced features k ss controls size of maximum enhancement k se controls rate of enhancement

15. Illuminated Gas Boundary and Silhouette Enhancement Illuminated Gas Boundary and Silhouette Enhancement

16. Illuminated Gas Silhouette and Boundary Enhancement Illuminated Gas Silhouette and Boundary Enhancement

18. Understanding Change and Process

20. Flow Illustration Research done primarily by Alark Joshi Adding a dimension ◦ Volume: What ’ s inside this surface? ◦ Temporal: How did it get this way? Questions ◦ Where was this feature before? ◦ What is pattern of motion of features? ◦ How has this feature changed?

21. Inspiration: Flow Paths McCloud

22. Application: Flow Paths

23. Inspiration: Strobe Silhouettes McCloud

24. Application: Strobe Silhouettes

28. A Very Short History of 3D Visualization Where? What? When? Why?

29. What ’ s a Model? A system of postulates, data, and inferences presented as a mathematical description of an entity or state of affairs -- (12) Webster ’ s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary Data vs Model ◦ Discrete : continuous ◦ Deterministic : probabilistic ◦ Examples : explanations

30. Thinking with Models Model construct concept generate Visual rep visualize Visual rep visualize Input data sample Outcome data visualize Visual rep validate refine

31. Some Challenges Understanding models ◦ Sampling and interrogating ◦ High-dimensional structure of model ◦ Model sensitivity and variability Comparing models ◦ Validating outcome against reality ◦ Validating model against from reality ◦ Examining families of models Constructing models ◦ Selecting parameters ◦ Incremental construction ◦ Abstract specification

32. Questions?