0. Instruments used to magnify & view objects
Microscopes
Instruments used to magnify & view objects

1. In the beginning…
Diseases were thought to be caused by “supernatural spirits” and “curses”

2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1600’s 1st view of “animalcules”
AKA cells & bacteria
Simple Light Microscope, only 1 lens

3. Robert Hooke English scientist Compound light microscope
2 or more lenses
Looked at cork (dead cells on oak bark)
Saw small geometric shapes, named them CELLS
Cells-> are the basic units of all living things

4. What did he see?

5. Then What?
1830’s
More scientists used Hooke’s ideas to explore the natural world
Matthias Shleiden, a german
Plants are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann
Animals are composed of cells
Summarized in the Cell Theory

6. Cell Theory

7. The Cell Theory: All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
3 Main Ideas:
All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure & organization of organisms.
All cells come from preexisting cells.

8. Types of Microscopes

9. Types of Microscopes Light Microscope: what we use in lab
Uses light to magnify
Used to look at living cells
Magnify: up to 1500x
Electron Microscope: ( )
Uses beams of electrons
Magnify: up to 500,000x
See inside of cells, look at structures
2 types

10. Scanning Electron Microscope: (SEM)
Scan surfaces of cells, look at 3D shape

11. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Look at structures within the cell

12. New Technology New models & helpful techniques all the time
Example: Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Uses flow of electrons to create computer images of atoms on the surface of a molecule

13. The Cell:
With better microscopes, discovered that cells contain small specialized structures called organelles
Each organelle has a specific function within a cell

14. Types of Cells: 2 broad groups:
Eukaryotes: contain membrane-bounded organelles (ex. nucleus)
Most multi-cellular organisms & some unicellular ones, like algae
Complex cells
Prokaryotes: do not contain membrane-bound organelles (ex. No nucleus, but nucleoid region when chromatin is stored).
Example: bacteria
Less complex
Many functions occur on cell membrane

15. What do they look like? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic