1. Male reproductive system Anatomy and physiology Kristina Njerš Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

2. Male reproducitve system,anatomy(MRSA) Testis,Scrotum Epididymis Vas (ductus) deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Urethra Bulbourethral (Cowper`s) gland Penis Ejaculatory duct

3. Functions of the MRS: 1. Production, retention and transport of semen 1. Production, retention and transport of semen 2. Production and secretion of testosterone 3. Ejaculation - sperm discharge during intercourse 3. Ejaculation - sperm discharge during intercourse

4. Testis - in scrotum (27 degrees C) Testis - in scrotum (27 degrees C) -seminiferous tubules - germ cells - spermatogenesis -seminiferous tubules - germ cells - spermatogenesis -Sertoli cells -Sertoli cells -interstitial cells - Leydig cells - testosterone -interstitial cells - Leydig cells - testosterone

5. Spermatogenesis (3 major parts) mitosis- the multiplication of spermatogonia meiosis- reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid spermiogenesis -transformation of spermatid into the spermatozoon Spermatozoa or sperms are first produced at puberty, spermatogenic activity is maintained into old age

6. Spermatozoon(sperm cell) The head Acrosome - enzyme activity The tail Mitochondria - motility

7. secretory and structural support to the germ cells secretory and structural support to the germ cells (spermatogenesis) (spermatogenesis) create a blood-testis barrier create a blood-testis barrier Sertoli cells

8. Endocrinology of male reproduction

9. Epididymis - upon lateral edge of posterior border of the testis - caput, corpus, cauda - caput, corpus, cauda - spermatozoa conduit and reservoir - spermatozoa conduit and reservoir - spematozoon gets motilily and fertilizing capacity - spematozoon gets motilily and fertilizing capacity Vas deferens - in the spermatic cord - scrotal, inguinal, retroperitoneal portions - scrotal, inguinal, retroperitoneal portions - peristaltic contractions during ejaculation - peristaltic contractions during ejaculation Spermatic cord - connective tissue sheath - contains - ductus deferens, - contains - ductus deferens, - testicular blood vessels - testicular blood vessels - nerves - nerves

10. Seminal vesicles - posterior to the urinary bladder - alkaline secretion - enhances spermatozoic mobility - alkaline secretion - enhances spermatozoic mobility - energy source (fructose) - energy source (fructose) - most of the volume of ejaculated semen - most of the volume of ejaculated semen Ejaculatory duct - ductus deferens + seminal vesicleduct Ejaculatory duct - ductus deferens + seminal vesicle duct Prostate gland - encircles upper end of urethra - muscular gland - smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation - muscular gland - smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation - secretion - helps motlity of sperm Bulbourethral glands (Cowper`s) - below the prostate - secretion - empty into urethra - secretion - empty into urethra Semen-combination of fluid and spermatozoa (<1%)

11. - root - root - body - body - 3 circular-shaped chambers - 3 circular-shaped chambers - sponge-like erectile tissue - sponge-like erectile tissue - vascular sinuses - vascular sinuses - vasodilatation - erection - vasodilatation - erection - glans penis - glans penis - foreskin (prepuce) - foreskin (prepuce) - circumcision - circumcision - nerve endings - nerve endings Penis

12. Thank you! Thank you!