1. Water Movement in the Earth Lab investigation into Permeability and Porosity

2. Permeability The capacity of rock to transmit a liquid. (This relates to the size and shape of rock pores along with how the pores are connected.)

3. Porosity How much space is in between rock particles. The space may be compared to the total volume of the rock.

4. This lab is divided into three parts: Part I - How Pore Space Varies with Size of Particles Part II - How Permeability Varies with Size of Particles Part III - How Porosity Varies with Soil Type

5. In parts I and II you will use: 4mm beads 7mm beads 12mm beads

6. In part III you will use three soil types: Black dirt Sand gravel

7. How Pore Space Varies with Size of Particles Measure how much water (in ml) it takes to cover all the beads in the tube. (Make sure the clamp is closed.) Record your data. Repeat this process for all three bead sizes.

8. How Permeability Varies with Size of Particles Pour into the tube 270 ml of water. Time how long it takes for the water to empty the tube. Record your data. Repeat this process for all three bead sizes.

9. How Porosity Varies with Soil Type Place filter paper in the bottom of a cone. Weigh out 100 g of dry soil. (Include the cone’s weight.) Slowly add 40 ml of water to the soil. After draining, weigh the cone and the soil.

10. continued Record the weight of the soil with the water. Record the volume of water retained by the soil. (HINT: 1ml of water = 1g of water.) Repeat this process for all three soil types.

11. CLEAN UP! Make sure all water is emptied. Make sure the area is dry. All equipment is in the proper area. Make sure to throw the filter paper away. Wet soils are put in the proper bucket. The lab tables are clean.

12. Graphs Remember the following on all your graphs: –Title, appropriate and specific –Label each axis, including units –The scale needs to fit the paper –Neatness is important –Write a conclusion for each graph on the back of your paper

13. How Pore Space Varies with Size Particles Bead size (mm) versus amount of water needed to cover beads (ml)

14. How Permeability Varies with Size of Particles Bead size (mm) versus time for 270 ml of water to drain (seconds)

15. How Porosity Varies with Soil Type Soil type versus the volume of water held by soil (ml)