1. Effect of carbohydrate and protein supplementation on whole-body protein balance and skeletal muscle mass during winter military training: a randomized controlled trial Principle Investigator, US: Stefan Pasiakos, PhD Stefan.Pasiakos@us.army.mil Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick, Massachusetts USA Principle Investigators, Norway: Svein Martini, MS/Yngvar Gundersen, MD Svein.Martini@ffi.no Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Kjeller, Norway

2. Purpose: to determine whether supplemental food products rich in protein or carbohydrate spares muscle mass and improves recovery during winter training 7 day study Data will be collected 4 days before and the day after completing the training exercise Random assignment to one of three study groups All groups consume Norwegian combat rations, 2 groups will receive snack products each day during training

3. Study Objective To determine the efficacy of a carbohydrate- or protein-based food product on whole-body and skeletal muscle protein balance during a metabolically challenging winter military training program. Skjold 26-30 JAN 2015 about 70 Soldiers from the 2nd BN/BRIG N Assigned randomly to 3 treatment groups Control Carbohydrate Protein Primary study outcomes Muscle mass, protein retention, energy balance, intestinal health, physiological strain, and biomarkers of inflammation and physiological homeostasis.