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Energy and Electricity ES 303
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The lifetime of a resource depends on… 1.How much we have 2.How fast we use it
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What resources does the US have? Fossil fuels = – Oil – Coal – Natural Gas Why are we depleting our resources (running out)? – http://www.npr.org/news/specials/climate/video/ http://www.npr.org/news/specials/climate/video/
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Energy is… – The ability to do work. IMPORTANT ENERGY CONCEPTS 1.Energy is neither created or destroyed. 2.Energy is lost as heat as it gets transferred or changes form.
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Energy Resources Renewable Energy – Hydroelectric – Wind – Solar – Biofuels – Hydrogen fuel cell – Geothermal Nonrenewable Energy – Oil – Coal – Natural gas
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What is energy used for? Transportation Manufacturing HeatingElectricity
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Can you make it work? What is causing the ball to light up? Where is the power coming from?
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Can you light the lightbulb? Make a circuit = energy CIRCLE
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Electricity The movement of electrons. Created by moving wires (electrons) through a magnetic field.
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Energy is needed to make electricity Where does the supply of electrons come from? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbUjieMLFSo Can you list the steps to create electricity?
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How Fossil Fuels Are Formed
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Uses of Fossil Fuels
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Electricity Production Coal/oil/natural gas fired power plants 1.Burn fossil fuel to make heat. 2.Heat boils water to make steam. 3.High pressured steam turns a turbine. 4.Moving turbine turns the generator (magnets and wires). 5.The magnet creates a flow of electrons = Electricity! 6.Moving electrons sent through wires to houses, schools, etc. Can you order the pictures correctly?
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Turbine and Generator
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What is a watt? 1 watt = energy to lift 100 g (or 1 Newton) in 1.0 seconds. It is a measure of energy over time 1 kWh = one kilowatt of electricity over 1 hour
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It takes energy to get energy Before it’s useful… Oil must be 1.Found 2.Pumped 3.Transported 4.Refined 5.Transported 6.burned
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Net energy DEFINITION: Total useful energy available from the resource over its lifetime minus the amount of energy used and wasted Example: – 10 units of energy in oil in ground – Use 8 units to find, extract, process, transport – 2 units of net energy available
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Do you have any vampires in your house?
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What if I left my computer on every night… How much energy would it consume? Assume 14 hours In “sleep” mode, the computer draws 4 watts/hour How much would it cost the district per day? Per year? 1 kWh costs $0.15 What if all computers at the school were left on? Energy consumed? Cost to district? Around 200 computers at UDHS
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How can changing a light bulb reduce greenhouse gases?
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What’s the difference?
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Energy Efficiency Amount of energy that gets converted to useful energy.
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Light bulb or heat bulb?
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Two sides to everything. http:// www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/cfl-vs-incandescent-battle-of-the-bulb
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Byproducts of electrical generation Burning coal Air: Mercury, CO2, SO2, NO2, fly ash Water: thermal pollution, acid rain Ground: bottom ash
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Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics Global Warming Acid Rain Smog Burning Coal = CO 2 + SO + H 2 0 + Ash + (C x H x S x O x ) Light + Noise + Heat
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2 nd Energy Concept When energy changes form, some useful energy is always lost as heat. EX: Only 5-10% of the electricity flowing through an incandescent light bulb is converted to light energy (the rest is heat).
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Simple Solutions…
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Sources of electricity
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http://www.ted.com/initiatives/aws/soccket.html
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Example of the Matter and Energy Laws Global Warming Acid Rain Smog Burning Coal = CO 2 + SO + H 2 0 + Ash + (C x H x S x O x ) Light + Noise + Heat
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Cartoon: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMc
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What processes involve the transfer of carbon?
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Carbon Cycle Drawing Make your own, UNIQUE, drawing of the carbon cycle. Include the following: – Photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, combustion (LABEL ALL) – Include yourself somewhere in the cycle – Point out where humans interfere/alter the carbon cycle
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What does this sticker mean?
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What can you do?
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What is your guess? Fossil fuel powerWind / solar power Nuclear powerHydroelectric power 1.Out of the energy sources above, which is used the most worldwide? Least? 2.Guess what percentage each source contributes to the world’s energy supply. 3.Create a graph.
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Energy In ≠ Energy Out
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