1. Fitness Planes of Movement Skeletal System Unit 1: Anatomy

2. Objectives Define Anatomy Define Fitness – Health related vs Skill related Identify planes of movement Identify the major bones and muscles of the human body. Identify different types of muscle contraction during movement

3. Key Terms Anatomy: The study of components that make up the musculoskeletal “machine.” Structural organization of living things – how they are built and what they consist of

4. Components of Fitness Fitness = achieved by regular exercise, proper diet and adequate rest Fitness is two dimensional: Health Related – all important body parts are in good working order and are exercised regularly Skill Related - able to participate in a high level of sport or rigorous physical activity

5. Health Related Fitness Components Cardiorespiratory Fitness – ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and energy to the muscles. Builds endurance Muscular Strength – ability to exert force or life a heavy weight. Muscular Endurance – ability of muscles to word over a long period of time. Flexibility – ability of the muscles to stretch, prevents injuries

6. Health Related Fitness Components cont’d Body Composition – refers to the distribution of muscle and fat throughout the body. Males – 10-17% Females – 14-20%

7. Skill Related Fitness Components Skill – the ability to do something efficiently and well Agility – ability to change direction rapidly and accurately Balance – ability to maintain equilibrium when moving or standing still Coordination – ability to combine balance and agility while moving Power – ability to apply maximum effort in as short a time as possible

8. Skill Related Fitness Components Reaction Time – ability to respond to a situation in as short a time as possible Speed – ability to cover a short distance as quickly as possible. Generated by a combination of all the skills listed so far.

9. Musculoskeletal System Anatomical Position The body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward.

10. Figure 4.10

11. Planes of Movement Standing in anatomical reference position, all three cardinal planes intersect at the body’s centre of gravity (COG) Anatomical Planes of the Human Body The sagittal plane slices the body into left-right sections. The frontal plane slices the body into front- back sections. The transverse plane slices the body into upper- lower sections.

12. Skeletal System Skeleton Muscles function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints and transmit force through to the environment. The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

13. Skeletal System Axial Skeleton – Core body - all major parts are attached and connect to it. Consists of 80 bones which are located in skull, spinal column, sternum, rib cage and sacrum Appendicular Skeleton – Connects to axial. Consists of 126 bones found in the arms, shoulder blades, forearms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet

14. Functions of Skeletal System 1. Structural Support: For soft tissue, including muscle and viscera 2. Protection “cage” for more delicate parts of the body (brain, heart, lungs) 3. Growth center for cells RBC and platelets are made in bones

15. Functions of Skeletal System 4. Reservoir of minerals 5. Movement Muscles attach to bones by tendons. Muscles contract and move bones to facilitate movement

16. Skeletal System