The SESAR Target Concept of Operations ASAS Related Aspects

The SESAR Target Concept of Operations ASAS Related Aspects
Presented by Andy Barff – Drafting Team Member Task 222

Topics A Trajectory Based Environment ATM Capability Levels
ASAS in the SESAR environment ASAS Delivering Performance Safety – Airport Surface Airport Capacity – Low Visibility Operations, Merging and Spacing, Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches Airspace Capacity – Task Delegation Efficiency and Environment – Close as possible to User Preferred Trajectory, Cruise-climb Access/Equity and Flexibility – Mixed operations Conclusions Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Performance Driven Process Orientated Trajectory Based Founded on SWIM
SESAR is Performance Driven Process Orientated Trajectory Based Founded on SWIM Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

A Trajectory Based Environment
Trajectory based operations A new approach to airspace design and flexible airspace management Business Trajectory ownership User involvement in decision making processes Users determine how constraints shall be applied whenever possible Trajectory management An agreed 4D trajectory for each flight – as close as possible to the user preferred trajectory which may include cruise climb - route structures only deployed when/where essential for capacity reasons. Authorised by controllers using new separation modes or executed by the flight crew using airborne separation modes Executed with an agreed precision Trajectory revisions respect the concept of ownership 4D trajectories are the principle language for information sharing Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

The SESAR Timescale ATM Capability Levels
Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Aircraft is a “node” on the SWIM network
ATM Capability Levels 4 Aircraft is a “node” on the SWIM network Available 2025+: Trajectory Sharing Air-Air; Met data sharing (Air-Air/Air-Ground); Avionics with Longitudinal Navigation Performance Capability (4D Contract) and Airborne Self-Separation 3 ATM Capability Level SESAR 2020 Requirements: Trajectory Sharing meeting ATM requirements; Avionics with Vertical Navigation Performance capability; multiple RTA and Airborne Separation capability 2 Aircraft Delivered 2013 onwards: ADS-B/IN and avionics enabling airborne spacing – “Sequencing and Merging”; Datalink: Link applications CDTI 1 Throughout the following sections the notion of ATM capability levels has been introduced. These levels are defined to describe the on-going deployment of progressively more advanced ATM Systems for aircraft, ground systems and airports. The following different levels of ATM capabilities are defined: ATM Capability Level 0: Systems that do not meet at least the ATM-1 capabilities. ATM Capability Level 1: Capabilities of existing systems and those that are delivered up to 2012/13 and largely have today’s capabilities. ATM Capability Level 2: Capabilities of systems that are delivered and in-service from 2013 onwards with a range of new capabilities but which do not meet the full 2020 needs. ATM Capability Level 3: Main capabilities required by the key SESAR target date of These will be based upon the SESAR concept needs at that time and a realistic assessment of potential capabilities. ATM Capability Level 4: The very advanced capabilities that potentially offer the means to achieve the SESAR goals, in particular the very high-end capacity target. The timeframe for initial availability and progressive fleet equipage is in the range 2025 and beyond depending on the specific capability. “Current Aircraft”: ADS-B/out (position/aircraft/met data); Avionics with 2D-RNP, vertical constraint management and a single RTA; Datalink: Event reporting/Intent sharing Date: 2010 2020 2030

ASAS Applications SESAR Context

ASAS Applications Situational Awareness (ATSA) - aware of all surrounding traffic and its intent TOD Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Intention of previous landing aircraft to vacate via the rapid exit
ASAS Applications Situational Awareness (ATSA) - aware of all surrounding traffic and its intent Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Intention of previous landing aircraft to vacate via the rapid exit Date:

ASAS Applications Spacing (ASPA) – aware of all surrounding traffic and its intent - achieve and maintain a specific time/distance behind the specified aircraft ahead TOD 90secs Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Applications Separation (ASEP) – aware of all surrounding traffic and its intent – execute airborne separation in relation to other specified aircraft trajectories TOD Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Applications Self-Separation (SSEP) – aware of all surrounding traffic and its intent – execute airborne separation in relation to all other aircraft trajectories However SSEP in very low density high altitude airspace may be feasible in a relatively short time-scale SSEP in mixed airspace is perhaps the most challenging SESAR concept aspect Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date: Managed Airspace

Particularly as an enabler to cruise climb….
ASAS Applications Self-Separation (SSEP) – awareness of all surrounding traffic and its intent – execute airborne separation in relation to all other traffic Particularly as an enabler to cruise climb…. Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date: Managed Airspace

ASAS Delivering Performance Situational Awareness for Safety on the Airport Surface

ASAS Delivering Performance
Situation Awareness (ATSA) delivering safety on the airport surface Comair 5191 Lexington accident 27/08/06: NTSB recommends “the installation of cockpit moving map displays or an automatic system that alerts pilots when a takeoff is attempted on a taxiway or a runway other than the one intended” ASMGCS is foreseen to provided surveillance, safety and surface guidance information to controllers – only in its most sophisticated form (level 4) cockpit systems are included SESAR advocates the accelerated development of cockpit based displays providing guidance and warnings directly to the flight crew as well as the controller Prime SESAR safety goal is the elimination of ATM related accidents on the airport surface The SESAR SWIM network will facilitate the flow of all relevant data directly to wherever it is needed (air-air, air-ground, ground-air) Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Delivering Performance ASAS Spacing for Consistent Runway Throughput

Airport Capacity – ASAS Spacing (ASPA) delivering consistent runway throughput: Delegation of specific tasks to flight crew SESAR foresees P-RNAV routings merging towards final approach facilitating continuous descent approaches (CDA) The proposed arrival management technique is the use of Controlled Time of Arrival (CTA) over a waypoint in the vicinity of the airport (exploiting FMS RTA capability) resulting in the precise sequencing of traffic ASPA techniques can be used to facilitate the accurate merging of trajectories into a final single stream ASPA can then ensure precise time-based spacing on final approach ASPA techniques relieve controllers of multiple routine tasks Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASPA in trail time-based spacing
SEQUENCE Arrival Management processes assure an optimum arrival sequence by the allocation of Controlled Time of Arrival (CTA) at an appropriate fix MERGE ASPA Merging technique achieves precise pair-wise time-based spacing at fix SPACE ASPA in trail time-based spacing - precise final approach spacing In all wind conditions Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Delivering Performance ASAS Separation for Safety and Capacity on the Airport Surface in Low Visibility Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Airport Capacity - Maintaining airport throughput in low visibility by use of ASEP The logical step beyond ATSA on the airport surface is an ASAS Separation application (ASEP-SURF) enabling flight crew to provide separation on taxiways when unable to see outside the flight deck SESAR provides opportunities for new techniques based on enhanced sharing and display of information to both controllers and flight crew Increasing safety and maintaining throughput in Low Visibility Conditions are leading characteristics of the SESAR concept Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Delivering Performance ASAS Separation Maximising Throughput of Closely Spaced Parallel Runways

Airport Capacity – ASAS Separation improving the exploitation of existing and future closely spaced parallel runways avoiding the high costs of building segregated runways – ASEP-CSPA In IMC precision monitoring is required for parallel approaches spaced between 1525mtrs and 1035mtrs High precision RNAV combined with cockpit monitoring of separation may provide an alternative to ground based monitoring ASEP-CSPA has the potential to unlock additional capacity if the concept can be proved to be safe and efficient at spacing of less than 1035mtrs (existing and future runways) A lot of research and analysis has already been conducted, the problem is well understood SESAR capabilities may offer a chance to develop acceptable procedures within a reasonable timescale Contributing to the SESAR objective of maintaining throughput in all weathers Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Sequence to fix – continuous descent
Slowly converging “separated” P-RNAV routes – no need for a “platform altitude” ASEP automated monitoring of parallel streams ASEP monitoring replaces radar monitoring before radar separation is lost Optimised arrival stream - maximising landing rate - limited only by wake vortex ACAS will need to be filtered for designated aircraft Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

ASAS Delivering Performance ASAS Separation Reducing Controller Task Load per Flight – Increasing Airspace Capacity Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Airspace Capacity - reducing controller task load per flight – ASEP techniques This involves the delegation of both tasks and responsibility This aspect has been given high importance by SESAR but we know that research has yet to confirm real potential The SESAR environment of precision trajectories will enable conflict situations to be detected and resolved earlier due to better predictions and precision clearances – can ASEP provide tactical resolution of residual conflicts thereby potentially reducing controller workload? Can ASEP techniques enable airspace users to determine the most efficient solution – given the constraint? (the conflicting aircraft) Also minimising disturbance to the most efficient trajectory? Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Conflict Resolution - ASAS Solution (courtesy of Dassault Aviation)
NTS 62.5 nm 08:00 11 44 Z 000 ADS-B will provide : X1  An accurate position of the Intruder  The Track of the Intruder  The Ground Speed of the Intruder and so the intruder relative course F M S 1  Appropriated route change might be proposed to the pilot 5 SEPARATION F7X F-WIDE 3 nm :30 Date: If the target is designated by ground systems = ASEP If target is designated by airborne systems = SSEP In both cases – airborne resolution For pilot – no real difference

Efficiency and the Environment The SESAR concept documents state that the User Preferred Trajectory may include cruise climb segments (5% fuel saving even if just at very high altitude) Airborne self-separation techniques may enable cruise-climb at high altitude Airborne separation techniques can assure minimum disruption of trajectory However….. Access and Equity, Flexibility SESAR states that there shall be no segregation on basis of equipment Therefore airborne separation techniques must be integrated in managed airspace operations SESAR foresees a mixed environment where non-ASAS equipped a/c will be receiving a separation service and ASAS equipped a/c may separate themselves from all other aircraft So…. Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

Can ASEP and SSEP perform in the SESAR mixed equipage environment? The trajectories of all aircraft will be known and shared Trajectories are foreseen to be more stable than today with much less last minute tactical intervention – problems will be detected earlier thanks to precise trajectory predictions and resolved with closed-loop trajectory revisions Therefore in Low/Medium density operations there should be very few “last minute” control interventions In this more stable environment could a paradigm shift in separation provision occur with ASAS becoming the “tactical mode” when needed (rarely)? Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

An integrated approach
NextGen ASAS applications Oceanic ASAS applications SSEP ASEP (SSEP in low density?) ASPA Merging and Spacing ASEP-CSPA A global family of advanced techniques - delivering enhanced performance Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date: SURF applications

Conclusions ASAS is expected to make a significant contribution to achieving the SESAR performance objectives The validation process will address this claim Airborne separation has a role in all airspace types Focus of research should be on the ASAS applications that have the potential to deliver the required performance in the long term Be they simple – ATSA-SURF Or the most challenging – SSEP in a mixed environment The right form of phased approach will emerge ATM procedures using ASAS must be safe, simple, homogenous – a global family of advanced techniques delivering enhanced performance Co-ordination is required with NextGen and then ICAO EUROCONTROL/FAA Action Plan 23 can facilitate prioritising and co-ordination Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

SESAR D3 Milestone Deliverable Contains the Target Concept of Operations Publication within a few days Collaborative decision making in the SESAR concept means sharing of information as well as acting on the shared information. Decisions are made on the basis of common situational awareness and consequently an improved understanding of the network effects of the decisions. This improves the general quality of the decisions, helping to more accurately achieve the desired results. The collaborative decision making principle will not affect the ATC or Pilot tactical decision processes. This approach to decision making empowers new and innovative solutions of which the User Driven Prioritisation Process (UDPP) is an example. In UDPP, airspace users among themselves can recommend a priority order for flights affected by delays caused by an unexpected reduction of capacity, which is then communicated to the Network Management function. Date:

The SESAR Target Concept of Operations ASAS Related Aspects

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