1. Final Review Honors Biology

2. Scientific Method Key: A. Qualitative observation B. Quantitative observation. C. Inference _____________ 1a. This coconut has a dark brown color. _____________ 1b. This coconut’s diameter measures to be 14 cm. _____________ 1c. The coconut came from Hawaii _____________ 1d. The coconut dropped from a palm tree. _____________ 1e. A coconut is very furry with little bits of hair on it. _____________ 1f. The coconut weighs 16.5 grams.

3. Key: A. Qualitative observation B. Quantitative observation. C. Inference ______A_______ 1a. This coconut has a dark brown color. ______B_______ 1b. This coconut’s diameter measures to be 14 cm. ______C_______ 1c. The coconut came from Hawaii ______C______ 1d. The coconut dropped from a palm tree. ______A_______ 1e. A coconut is very furry with little bits of hair on it. ______B_______ 1f. The coconut weighs 16.5 grams.

4. Unit Conversions 1) 453 m = _______ km? a).453c) 45.3 b) 4.53d).0453 2) 333 cm = 3.33 ___ ? a) dmc) m b) kmd) mm 3) Convert the following metric unit: 23.6 cm _________________ m _________________ mm _________________ dm

5. 1) 453 m = _______ km? a).453c) 45.3 b) 4.53d).0453 2) 333 cm = 3.33 ___ ? a) dmc) m b) kmd) mm 3) Convert the following metric unit: 23.6 cm ___.236____ m _______236______ mm _________2.36________ dm

6. Explain the level of organization Using the following, put them in order: (cell, atom, organ, element, organism, macromolecule, organ system, molecule, tissue)

7. Level of Organization Subatomic particles Atom Element Molecule Macromolecules Cell <--life begins here Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

8. Protein Where is a protein made and what organelles does it go through? THINK OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ORGANELLES!

9. Nucleolus  ribosomes  RER  Gogli apparatus  ETC

10. Matching A.Chloroplasts B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Central vacuole E. Rough ER F. Ribosome G. Cell Membrane H. Lysosome I.Golgi apparatus J. Nucleolus K. Centrioles 1.Small structure that makes protein 2.Contains chromatin 3.Controls what enters or leaves the cell 4.“Powerhouse” of the cell 5.Cell control center 6.Numerous ribosomes attached to it 7.Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell 8.May store water, needed chemicals, wastes in plant cells 9. Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy (photosynthesis) 10. Proteins and molecules modified, sorted, and shipped from here 11. Digests food, waste, and foreign substances 12. Transports Proteins 13. Produces ribosomes 14. Make cellular energy (ATP)

11. A.Chloroplasts B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Central vacuole E. Rough ER F. Ribosome G. Cell Membrane H. Lysosome I.Golgi apparatus J. Nucleolus K. Centrioles 1.Small structure that makes protein F 2.Contains chromatin C 3.Controls what enters or leaves the cell G 4.“Powerhouse” of the cell B 5.Cell control center C 6.Numerous ribosomes attached to it E 7.Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell K 8.May store water, needed chemicals, wastes in plant Cells D 9. Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy (photosynthesis) A 10. Proteins and molecules modified, sorted, and shipped from here I 11. Digests food, waste, and foreign substances H 12. Transports Proteins E 13. Produces ribosomes J 14. Make cellular energy (ATP) B

12. Fill out table

14. Classification 1)Name the six kingdoms and an example under each kingdom. 2)Which kingdoms are eukaryotic cells; which are prokaryotic cells? 3)Name the order of classification: Broadest to Most Specific 4)What are the 3 Domains? 5)Closest related between the following three: 1)Felis leo 2)Panthera leo 3)Panthera tigris

15. 1 + 2) Kingdoms A.Animalia-E B.Plantae-E C.Fungi-E D.Protista-E E.ArcheaBacteria-P F.Bacteria-P 3) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species 4) Archea, Bacteria, Eukarya 1)Panthera leo 2)Panthera tigris

16. Macromolecules 1)What are 4 macromolecules are we made up of? 2)Function of the 4 macromolecules 3)Example of 4 macromolecules (type of foods)

17. Carbohydrates-Short Term Energy Storage!! Lipids-Main Function = Energy Storage Proteins-Your body uses protein to build and repair tissues. You also use protein to make enzymes, hormone, and other body chemicals. Protein is an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. Nucleic Acids-Stores genetic information Gene – specific piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

18. FOOD Carbohydrates: Bread, rice, pasta Protein-Meat Lipids (unsaturated and saturated)-next page Nucleic Acids: living organisms

19. Unsaturated Fat – FA chains with double bonds – Harder for body to break down, but more useful – Liquid at room temp – Causes kinks in chains – Most PLANT fats; ex. Vegetable Oil Saturated Fat – FA chain that has all single bonds – Easier for body to break down, but not as useful – Solid at room temp – Straight FA chains – Most ANIMAL fats; ex. Butter

20. Monomers and Polymers Name the monomers and polymers for each Macromolecule: Carbohydrates: Proteins: Lipids: Nucleic Acids:

21. Carbohydrates: Monomer = Monosaccharides Polymer = Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides Proteins: – Monomer = Amino Acids – AA ’ s connected by peptide bond – Polymer = Many AA ’ s = Polypeptide = PROTEIN! Lipids: No polymers + No True monomer – Instead glycerol + fatty acid chains Nucleic Acids: Monomer = Nucleotides Polymer = DNA or RNA

22. Chemistry What are the 3 subparticles of an atom? Draw a Carbon molecule: Carbon has 6 protons; 6 neutrons; and 6 electrons. When a Carbon loses an electron, what happens? What does the atom become? When a Carbon gains an electron, what happens? What does the atom become?

23. 1)proton, electron, neutron 2)D 3)Atom will be come positive (+1). It becomes an ion (specifically a cation) 4) Atom will be come negative (11). It becomes an ion (specifically an anion)

24. Water and Enzymes 1)5 properties of water 2)What does an enzyme do? 3)Endothermic reaction? 4)Exothermic reaction?

25. WATER PROPERTIES: 1. Cohesion 2. Adhesion 3. High Specific Heat 4. Less Dense as a Solid 5. Water is a terrific solvent ENZYME: Special type of protein (a catalyst) that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy Involved in most chemical reactions REACTIONS: Endothermic (Endergonic) Reactions – absorbs energy – Energy absorbed from surroundings and stored in bonds – Ex: Photosynthesis – Products have more ENERGY than reactants Exothermic (Exergonic) Reactions – releases energy – Releases ENERGY to environment – Ex: Cellular Respiration – Reactants have more ENERGY than products