1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION

2. What is Biology? The study of living things.

3. Metric System Know how to convert one type of unit into another. K H d D c m “King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk”

4. 0.000256 25.6 cm = _______ Km How did we get that? K H D B D C M 0.000256

5. Meter - length Liter - volume Gram – mass Celsius – Temperature Graduated cylinder Triple Beam Balance Metric Ruler Thermometer

6. Scientists develop an “If, then” statement. Scientists must be able to TEST their hypothesis Steps of the Scientific Method Observation Question or Problem Hypothesis Experiment Data Analysis Conclusion Report Findings

7. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (I.V.) Normal Sun 1 Hr of Sun 2 Hrs of Sun3 Hrs of Sun Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days. Amount (Hrs) of Sun given to the plants What “I” change in the experiment.

8. DEPENDENT VARIABLE (D.V.) Normal Sun 1 Hr of Sun 2 Hrs Sun3 Hrs of Sun Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days. The height of the plants after 7 days. The “D”ata collected.

9. CONTROL Normal Sun 1 Hr of Sun 2 Hrs of Sun3 Hrs of Sun Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days. Plant that got Normal Sun. Comparison Tool

10. Normal Sun 1 Hr of Sun 2 Hrs of Sun3 Hrs of Sun Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days. Things that are kept the same in the control group and the experimental group (gets I.V.) such as: Soil, Amount of Water, Type of Plant, Size of Container, Temperature CONSTANTS

11. Quantitative Data that is measured and numbers are obtained Observations Hint: Quantitative has an “N” for NUMBERS

12. Qualitative Data obtained using 5 senses Observations

13. Biosphere = All areas of earth with life Ecosystem = Living and non-living in an area Community = Different species in an area Population = Same species (organisms) in an area Organism = Group of organ systems make up this Organ system = Group of organs working together Organ = Group of tissues working together Tissues = Group of cells working together Cell = SMALLEST LIVING THING!!! Molecules = Units that make up cells NOT LIVING Biggest Smallest

14. Must be able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring. What is the main definition of a species?

15. Made of at least one cell Growth and Development Obtain and Use energy Homeostasis – Keep balance, stable internal environment Evolve Adapt to its environment Have genetic code (DNA) Reproduce 8 Characteristics of Living Things

16. What is Taxonomy? System of classifying and naming living things Who was the “Father of Taxonomy”? Linnaeus

17. What 2 kingdoms did Linnaeus first recognize? Plant & Animal How many taxons (levels) were in his taxonomy system? 7 Name them from largest to smallest Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup)

18. What system did Linnaeus create to help name species? Binomial Nomenclature Helped people talk about same living organism What 2 parts are in this naming system? Genus species (scientific name) What language is used in names? Latin

19. Ursus arctos Ursus collaris Ursus beringianus These animals belong to the same genus Ursus

20. DOMAIN was added to make 8 taxons in the MODERN system of classification

21. How many DOMAINS & KINGDOMS? 3 DOMAINS6 KINGDOMS BACTERIAEUBACTERIA ARCHAEARCHAEBACTERIA EUKARYAPROTISTA FUNGI PLANTAE ANIMALIA

22. Why do we classify living things? Give 4 reasons Universal System Common names are different in various locations around the world making it difficult to talk about an animal. Ex: puma, mountain lion, cougar Organizes living things Easier to study living things Looks at relationships (interactions)

23. Traditional classification is based on shared physical characteristics. Evolutionary classification is based on evolutionary (ancestors) characteristics. Molecular (clock) classification is based on DNA and time.

24. EVOLUTIONARY Classification uses derived characteristics to show evolutionary descent from a single ancestor. It uses a cladogram! Hint: Looks like a hand and sounds like “clap”

25. What is a dichotomous key? Lists paired choices (1.a or 1.b etc.) to lead you to the organism’s name. Be able to use one!!!!

26. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria belong to what group of organisms: Prokaryotes No Nucleus or Membrane Bound Organelles

27. Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia belong to what group of organisms: Eukaryotes Have a Nucleus and Membrane Bound Organelles

28. What are autotrophs? They make their own food (energy) mostly by photosynthesis (Plants, Some Protista, Some Archae, Some Bacteria) What are heterotrophs? They must consume their food for energy (Animals, Fungi, Some Archae, Some Bacteria, Some Protista)

29. Fungi Eukaryote Heterotroph Multicellular Cell wall of chitin What kingdom was first considered to be in the Plant Kingdom and then moved to a different one?

30. Extremophiles = bacteria that can live in extreme conditions (hot, cold, salty) Kingdom = Archaebacteria

31. What is metabolism? Process of gaining and using energy

32. Know the key points of the Classification of Living Things Chart that you were given in class and be able to use one to identify information from it.

33. Know the Laboratory Safety Rules that you were given at the beginning of the school year.

34. Know the parts of the microscope, magnifications, and field of view of the objective lenses.

35. Review Your Intro to Biology & Classification Test Answers!