1. Music Appreciation Class #11 The Romantic Period, Part 1 Schubert, Mendelssohn(s), Schumann(s) and Chopin

2. Romantic Upper case definition  Reaction against “reason”  Aesthetics Heightened emotion Nature Children Struggle with nature Death

3. Aesthetic Goals and Ideals fantasy grotesque whimsy imaginative playful reaching for eternity longing for the unrequited artist and art

4. “The Artist” Image  Poverty  Health  Suffering  Eccentric  Exotic

5. Liebestod Romantic ideal  Love/death Sturm und Drang  Storm and stress/urge/longing

6. Culture Purpose  “Beauty for Beauty’s Sake” Robert Lewis Stevenson  Must beauty be “beautiful?”  Emotion Emotionalism?

7. Audience No more patronage Middle-class  Educated  Musical

8. New terms Artist Genius Inspiration Dilettante Professional Amateur

9. Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)

10. Influences Beethoven  Salieri  Mozart

11. Catalogue Nine symphonies Chamber music 600 Lieder

12. Lieder Piano Story-teller Subconscious Song “cycle” Text Prose Poetry  Heine, Schiller, Goethe

13. Der Erlkönig

14. Accompaniment? Piano  Carriage  Horse  Dissonance  Melody

15. Wiener Kaffeehaus and jail Meeting place  Artists  Writers  Poets  Musicians Political radicals

16. Schubertiade Schubert Abend  Informal Fun Fame Food

19. Jessye Norman

20. Felix Mendelssohn (Bartholdy) (1809-1847)

21. Style Elegant Sensitive “Miniature”s  Songs Without Words: “Spring” Songs Without Words: “Spring” Incidental Music  A Midsummer Night’s Dream Wedding march

22. Image of “The Artist?” Wealthy Musical prodigy Handsome Intelligent  Languages  Artist Jewish

23. Mendelssohn and Bach CPE Bach’s widow St. Matthew’s Passion  1750-1829 Devotee  Contrapuntal influence

24. Fanny Mendelssohn (Hensel) 1805-1847)

25. Composer?! Same education More talent and creativity? Pseudonym  Handwriting  Correspondence  Style

26. Charles Gounod said... “Madame Hensel was an unforgettable musician, an excellent pianist, an intellectually superior woman. She was small, almost slight, but the fire that burned in her eyes revealed extraordinary energy. As a composer, she was exceptionally gifted...”

27. Robert Schumann (1810-56)

28. Romantic ideal Dichter  Poet, writer Denker  Philosopher Law student  Friedrich Wieck

29. Romantic paradox Whimsical and refined Dreamy and gritty Vehement and visionary

30. “Scenes From Childhood” Träumerei  Katharine Hepburn “Song of Love” Katharine Hepburn “Song of Love” The Wild Horseman

31. Health Hand Physical health  Mercury?  Syphilis? Mental health  Visions Institutionalized

32. Musical pyramid Only composer to master compositions on one instrument (the piano) before proceeding to larger compositions; Solo piano for over 8 years; 1 st orchestral composition not until 1842; Difficult large structures.

33. Cultural Accomplishments Davidsbündler  Philistines! Florestan und Eusebius Neue Zeitschrift für Musik”  1 st musical journal/criticism New composers/styles  Chopin and Brahms

34. Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)

35. Limitations... "I once believed that I possessed creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not desire to compose — there has never yet been one able to do it. Should I expect to be the one?"

36. “The High Priestess of Music” Father & Teacher  60-year “amateur” career Highly accomplished performer Inspiration  Robert’s most passionate music  150 songs in 1840 alone! Influenced  Mendelssohn, Brahms, Chopin

37. Musician, Wife, Mother Finances  Concerts  Teaching  Premieres Eight children  Revolution of Dresden rescue

38. Rumors...

39. Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849)

40. Web sites http://www.chopin.pl/spis_tresci/index_en. html http://www.chopin.pl/spis_tresci/index_en. html http://www.chopin.org/ip.asp?op=Home

41. Nationalism Folk tunes Harmonies Influence: Wagner, Liszt Forms Dedications  “Revolutionary Etude” (“November Uprising” 1830) “Revolutionary Etude” Sviatoslav Richter Heart

42. Style New language Originality Exclusivity  170+ piano No news! Edits Melody

44. Paris Composer Performer Teacher

45. Parisian Friends Franz Liszt Hector Berlioz Vincenzo Bellini Felix Mendelssohn Ferdinand Hiller Heinrich Heine

46. Salon society Schubert abend concerts Social, musical, political, intellectual

47. Personality “The lonely artist is surrounded by frivolous society.” “Romantic” appeal?

48. Romance Women as inspiration  Piano Concerto #1 dedication: “I have not yet exchanged a syllable with her of whom I dream every night. While my thoughts were with her I composed the Adagio of my concerto”.

49. Aurore Duvedant...

50. or George Sand?

51. Feminist! "I know that I am the slave and you the lord. The law of the land has made you my master....you have the right of the stronger party, and society confirms you in it; but over my will, sir, you are powerless."

52. Odd couple Prude vs. radical Frail vs. healthy Demure vs. aggressive Confidence, intellect, sexuality

53. Inspiration 21 Nocturnes  Artur Rubinstein Artur Rubinstein John Field (1782-1837)

54. 21 st Century