1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [THALES UWB Impulse Radio System ] Date Submitted: [January 3rd, 2005 ] Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND, (2) Dr. Jurianto JOE] Company [(1) THALES Communications France, (2) CELLONICS] Address [(1) 146 Boulevard de VALMY, Colombes 92704 FRANCE (2) 20 Science Park Road 117674 SINGAPORE] Voice:[(1) : +33 (0)1 46 13 24 44, (2) : (65) 68 74 90 10 ] E-Mail:[(1) : serge.hethuin@fr.thalesgroup.com, (2) : juriantoj@cellonics.com ]serge.hethuin@fr.thalesgroup.comjuriantoj@cellonics.com Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract:[This document proposes THALES Communicationss PHY proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard] Purpose:[Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 2 Serge HETHUIN (THALES Communications) Dr. Jurianto JOE (CELLONICS) THALES Communications, CELLONICS Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a UWB Impulse Radio

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 3 Contents Proposal overview System description Location Awareness

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 4 Proposal overview

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 5 UWB Impulse Radio System PRP = 40 ns, PRF = 25 MHz max time RF Receiver DATA Transmitter FPGA Pulse Generator PA LNA BB DATA

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 6 UWB Pulse and Spectrum Example: 4ns Gaussian Pulse 1 st Frequency Center = 3.35GHz 10dB BW= 500MHz Tx Power (average) = - 14.3dBm Objective: Pulse with 500MHz BW FCC Mask 5.1-5.6GHz sub-band is turned off. (enhance coexistence)

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 7 Proposal main features Low Power Consumption: o Very Simple Architecture o One Bit ADC Low Cost: o CMOS Implementation High Location Accuracy: o Narrow Pulse ~75cm in 70m region (AWGN) Scalability: by using : o compression gain o different PRFs 350kbps @70m, …, 25Mbps @10m

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 8 System Description - PHY layer characteristics - Topologies and access protocol - Solution maturity

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 9 PHY layer: Parameters 63 OOK25396 kbps 2.5 25 PRF (MHz) 15 OOK166 kbps 77OOK357 kbps 11OOK2.5 Mbps 11OOK25 Mbps Pulses / bit Compression gain (Spread Factor) ModulationData Rate 4ns Gaussian Pulse Data Rate depends on: compression gain (~ Spread Factor) PRF

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 10 PHY layer: Link Budget dBm-14.3 Transmit Power (4ns Gaussian Pulse) Units Value 25Mbps 10m Value 350kbps 70m Parameters dBm-174 Noise Power Density dB7.0 Receiver Total NF dB4.9 Margin dB10.0 Required Eb/N0 @BER=0.001 dBi0.0 Antenna gain dB2.0 Implementation Loss dB20.037.0Additional Path Loss at 70m,10m -2.0 Decay coefficient m1070Distance dB44 Path Loss at 1m kbps25000357Data Rate 17Spread Factor MHz252.5PRF MHz3350 Center Frequency

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 11 PHY layer: Transceiver architecture MAC PG Non- coherent detector Spreading & Modulation Digital Block Matched Filter Signal Acquisition Tracking Ranging Etc. <100kgates 1-bit ADC DATA Digital PHY LNA BB amp BPF TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 12 PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading 25MHz, 2.5MHzPRF Digital Matched FilterDespreading Coded Sequence Kasami (15, 63) and Gold (7) Spreading OOKModulation 3350±250MHz (10dB BW)RF Frequency Specifications

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 13 PHY layer: Synchronization Synchronization in 2 steps: Pulse Edge detection Sequence Correlation using Digital Matched Filter Code Correlator DATA Digital Domain

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 14 Topologies and access protocol Coordinator Anchor node FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Multiple Access: CDMA (inter-piconet) 802.15.4 (intra-piconet) PAN Coordinator Code 1 Code 2 Code 3

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 15 Topologies and localization PAN Coordinator Code 1 Code 2 Code 3 Coordinator Anchor node FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Node to be located

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 16 Frame format PPDU Bytes: PHY Layer Preamble 41 Frame Length SFD 1 MPDU Frame Control Seq. #Address Data Payload CRC Bytes: 210/4/82 MAC Sublayer n

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 17 Technical Feasibility and Maturity TRANSMITTER 4 ns 2-component UWB IR Generator 4 ns FPGA DATA

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 18 Technical Feasibility and Maturity Square-law Detector FPGA DATA RECEIVER

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 19 Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed Communication Analyzer: Generates PN Sequence Binary data to feed into FPGA TX. FPGA TX: Encodes the binary data into OOK BB pulse and feeds it into the UWB Pulse Generator. Variable Attenuator: Allows S/N to be varied. UWB receiver: Converts the UWB signal to OOK BB pulse and feeds into FPGA RX. FPGA RX: Decodes the pulses into binary data and feeds them back to the communication analyzer. Communication analyzer: Internally compares the recovered sequence with the generated sequence. PN Sequence Binary Data Communication Analyzer OOK BB Pulses Variable Attenuator Recovered PN Sequence FPGA RX FPGA TX

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 20 Results of transceivers testing Consumption: Tx=15 mA, Rx= 25 mA Comparable to Tx and Rx power consumption in 802.15.4 Data rate and range: 25 Mbps : 15m (@ RF power=-14dBm) 250 kbps : 150m Location Accuracy: 75cm with a range up to 70m

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 21 Location Awareness

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 22 Location Awareness Multilateration for Location Awareness: Two modes with at least 3 known-position nodes Two-way ranging method (RTT based) One-way ranging method (TOA based) High Location Accuracy: AWGN: 75cm @ 70m Range RFD FFD (Anchor) RFD FFD (Anchors)

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 23 Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR) Advantages Each measurement can be done sequentially Possible extension to the case without anchors Synchronization No need of fine Sync. Accuracy Error is the combination of the detection in the two nodes

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 24 TWR System Deployment No need of Synchronization by a node Asynchronous Anchors Node Processing station & Data Base Control station Anchor 3 Anchor 1 Anchor 2 RTT(d1) RTT (d 2 ) RTT (d 3 ) Wireless/Wired Network Distance d 1 d2d2 d3d3 Calculation of the Node Location based on the RTTs and the Reference Locations

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 25 TWR Based Measurement time Answer received in anchor 1 time Anchor 1 Node to be located time Interrogation from anchor 1 Anchor 2 Anchor 3 Node to be located Answer from anchor 1 RTT(d 1 ) information sent to the server RTT(d 1 ) RTT(d 2 ) RTT(d 3 ) RTT(d 2 ) information sent to the server RTT(d 3 ) information sent to the server

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 26 Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR) Advantage Can relax the RFD specifications Transmit Only No need of detection in the node to be located Accuracy Accuracy depends only on the clock of the FFD Synchronization More touchy than using RTT/TWR

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 27 OWR System Deployment Synchronization by a node TOA : t 0 +t 1 t2t2 t3t3 Synchronization station Node Processing station & Data Base Control station Anchor 3 Anchor 1 Anchor 2 Wireless/Wired Network Calculation of the Node Location based on the TOAs and the Reference Locations TOA : t 0 +t 2 TOA : t 0 +t 3 t1t1

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 28 OWR Based Measurement t0t0 time Node to be located Anchor 3 Signal sent by the node to be located Anchor 1 Anchor 2 time t 0 +t 2 t 0 +t 1 t 0 +t 3 t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 TOA( t 0 +t 1 ) information sent to the server TOA( t 0 +t 2 ) information sent to the server TOA( t 0 +t 3 ) information sent to the server

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 29 Multipath study Modulation improvements FDMA extension Localization experiments: In free space, rural and urban environments Comparison with MATLAB simulations Coherent receivers: Comparison with non-coherent receivers On-going tasks

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0058-00-004a Submission Jan. 2005 THALES CommunicationsSlide 30 Conclusion UWB IR main features: BW=500MHz 4ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 25MHz/2.5MHz OOK modulation Very low complexity and Very low cost Scalable (25Mbps at 10m, …, 350kbps at 70m, …) Location Awareness: Two possible modes: TWR or OWR 75cm in 70m region (AWGN)