1. Chemistry 6.11

2. Organic Chemistry Based on the ability of Carbon to covalently bond with atoms to form various structures (i.e. chains and rings). Based on the ability of Carbon to covalently bond with atoms to form various structures (i.e. chains and rings). Organic compounds that contain only single bonds are said to be saturated. Organic compounds that contain only single bonds are said to be saturated. Unsaturated compounds contain double and triple bonds with Carbon. Unsaturated compounds contain double and triple bonds with Carbon.

3. Organic molecule

4. Hydrocarbons Alkanes: Alkanes: Contain single bonded carbons with hydrogen. Contain single bonded carbons with hydrogen. C n H 2n+2 C n H 2n+2 Alkenes: Alkenes: Contain double bonded carbons with hydrogen. Contain double bonded carbons with hydrogen. C n H 2n C n H 2n Alkynes: Alkynes: Contain triple bonded carbons with hydrogen. Contain triple bonded carbons with hydrogen. C n H 2n-2 C n H 2n-2

5. Alkynes

6. Isomers When a molecular formula containing the same number of atoms has a different structural arrangement. When a molecular formula containing the same number of atoms has a different structural arrangement.

7. Naming Organic Compounds 1. Find the longest (parent) continuous chain. 2. Any attached group is assigned the lowest number carbon attached, and is given the “yl” ending. 3. More than one attached group is given the prefix “di” or “tri” for “2” and “3”.

8. Name this compound: 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene

9. Functional Groups

10. Organic Rxs Combustion Combustion Substitution Substitution Addition Addition Esterification Esterification Saponification Saponification Fermentation Fermentation Polymerization Polymerization

11. Nuclear Chemistry All nuclei with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioactive due to instability. All nuclei with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioactive due to instability. Fission refers to the splitting of a heavy nucleus to make lighter more stable ones. Fission refers to the splitting of a heavy nucleus to make lighter more stable ones. Fusion refers to the combining of light nuclei to produce a heavier one. Fusion refers to the combining of light nuclei to produce a heavier one.

12. Transmutations Artificial transmutation: Artificial transmutation: When a nucleus is bombarded with high-energy particles to bring about radioactivity. When a nucleus is bombarded with high-energy particles to bring about radioactivity. Natural transmutation: Natural transmutation: A nuclear reaction; beta,positron, or alpha decay are examples. A nuclear reaction; beta,positron, or alpha decay are examples.

13. Alpha Decay

14. Beta decay

15. Positron Emission

16. Half-life The amount of time it takes for one half of a substance to decay. The amount of time it takes for one half of a substance to decay. You will be given the half-life (in the reference table) plus either an amount that was used up, or the amount of time passed. You must then solve for the missing variable. You will be given the half-life (in the reference table) plus either an amount that was used up, or the amount of time passed. You must then solve for the missing variable. Finger counting works here! Finger counting works here!