2. Organic Compounds Carbon Bonding Forms 4 covalent bonds in chains or rings 1

3. Carbon Prefixes 1 C = meth- 2 C = eth- 3 C = prop- 4 C = but- 5 C = pent- 6 C = hex- 7 C = hept- 8 C = oct- 9 C = non- 10 C = dec-

4. HYDROCARBONS Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Alkanes - carbons single bonded. name ends -ane formula = C n H 2n+2 name starts cyclo- in a ring

6. Hydrocarbon Drawings Condensed Structure CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Carbon Skeleton C-C-C-C

7. Carbon Branches Carbons replace H’s on the chain/ring Alkyl groups 1 C = methyl 2 C = ethyl 3 C = propyl / isopropyl 4 C = butyl / sec-butyl / isobutyl / tert-butyl Benzene ring branch = phenyl

8. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Alkenes - have 1 or more double bonded C’s name ends –ene Alkynes - have 1 or more triple bonded C’s name ends –yne Aromatics - contains a benzene ring, C 6 H 6 name ends -benzene

9. Functional Groups Replacement of hydrogen by halogens, nitrogen, or oxygen

10. Halide branches of Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, Iodo nitrogen with up to 3 carbon branches name ends with amine Amine

11. Ether O has two carbon branches name ends with ether Alcohol - OH branch Add suffix -anol

12. Aldehyde O is double bonded on an end Add suffix –anal O is double bonded to the middle Add suffix –anone Ketone

13. Carboxylic Acid double bonded O and an OH are on an end Add suffix –anoic acid Ester double bonded O and O in the carbon chain Add suffix –anoate on the double bonded O side