1. ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E The Writing Process College Writing Skills, 5E and College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E John Langan Chapter Two

2. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Prewriting Techniques Freewriting Questioning Making a List Diagramming Preparing a Scratch Outline

3. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Freewriting Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic.Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic. There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans, in fact I am so annoyed by them the last thing I want is to write about them. Another thing that bothers me is noisy people at the movies. I used to love the movies….

4. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Freewriting Do not worry (yet) about spelling or punctuation. [...] There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans. [...]

5. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Questioning ??????????? Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject.Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject. Why?Why? When?When? Where?Where? Who?Who? How?How? ?

6. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Making a List (aka “brainstorming”) Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject.Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject. Do not worry about the order of the list.Do not worry about the order of the list. –Traffic is bad between my house and theatre –Noisy patrons –Don’t want to run into Jeremy –Hard to be on a diet

7. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Diagramming (aka “clustering” or “mapping”) Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper.Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper. Jot down ideas and details around the subject.Jot down ideas and details around the subject. Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.

8. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Diagramming Movies Might see old boyfriend Noisy People Adults Coughing and sneezing Telling Plot Teenagers Showing off Yelling Too many people Line at box office Traffic getting to theater Temptations Popcorn Chocolate bars

9. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Preparing a Scratch Outline Think carefully about:Think carefully about: The point you are makingThe point you are making The supporting items for that pointThe supporting items for that point The order in which you will arrange those itemsThe order in which you will arrange those items

10. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Writing a First Draft Your Goals: State your thesis clearly.State your thesis clearly. Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.

11. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revision Set your draft aside for a while.Set your draft aside for a while. Work from typed or printed text.Work from typed or printed text. Read your draft aloud.Read your draft aloud. Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.

12. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 3 Stages to the Revising Process Revising contentRevising content Revising sentencesRevising sentences EditingEditing 3

13. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Content Unity ThesisThesis must be clearly stated in introductory paragraph. Supporting paragraphs must back up thesis.

14. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Content Support At least three separate points must support the thesis.At least three separate points must support the thesis. Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point.Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point. Must have support...

15. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Content Make sure you have: an interesting introductionan interesting introduction a solid conclusiona solid conclusion an accurate titlean accurate title a clear method of organizationa clear method of organization transitions and connecting wordstransitions and connecting words

16. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Sentences Useto balance words and ideas: Correct: The mugger jumped out and scared her. Incorrect: The mugger jumped out and scares her.

17. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Sentences Keep voice and tense consistent. –Jean down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then you dump it onto the floured work table and knead it into a smooth, shiny ball. –Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then you dump it onto the floured work table and knead it into a smooth, shiny ball. Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then she dumped it onto the floured work table and kneaded it into a smooth shiny ball.

18. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Sentences Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.

19. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Sentences Use verbs. PassivePassive The car was crashed by me. ActiveActive I crashed the car. Forms of to be : isamarewaswerebeen

20. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Revising Sentences The truck was speeding. The truck was brown. The truck skidded on some ice. The truck almost hit a police officer. The police officer was startled. The police officer was young. The brown speeding truck startled the young police officer as it skidded on some ice and almost hit him.

21. College Writing Skills/ College Writing Skills with Readings, 5E ©2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Editing –grammar –punctuation –spelling