1. Reconstruction to Populism 1860’s to 1890’s

2. Chapter 17 Reconstruction – process of reuniting the nation 1865-1877 Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln proposal Wade-Davis Bill 13 th Amendment – Dec. 18, 1865 – made slavery illegal in US Freedmen’s Bureau – aid group for poor people in south Andrew Johnson Black Codes – deprived black people of basic rights Radical Republicans – politicians most in favor of equal rights for minorities

3. Andrew Johnson 17 th President Freedmen’s Bureau

4. Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gave blacks the same legal rights as whites 14 th Amendment – July 28, 1868 – all people born or naturalized in US are citizens Ulysses S. Grant elected President in 1868 Reconstruction Acts – banned ex-confederates from voting or holding political office – placed South under military rule - 1867 15 th Amendment – March 30, 1870 – gave black men the right to vote Republican-dominated governments with black support in south Carpetbaggers/Scalawags

5. Hiram Revels – 1870 – first black man to be elected to the U.S. Senate – from Mississippi Ku Klux Klan – formed in 1866 in Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest/ 2 nd KKK formed in 1915 General Amnesty Act of 1872 Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction ends– whites are returned political privileges

6. Ulysses S. Grant 18 th President Rutherford B. Hayes – 19 th President Hiram Revels

7. States that went through Reconstruction

8. Nathan Bedford Forrest

9. Civil Rights Act of 1875 – guaranteed all people equal rights in public places – later declared unconstitutional Redeemers – Southern democrats Jim Crow Laws – laws that required racial segregation in the South – poll tax, literacy test, public segregation Plessy vs. Ferguson – 1896 – Supreme Court rules that “Separate but Equal” is legal Many Southern blacks continue to do the same work for the same person that had been their owner before the Civil War - sharecropping

13. Indian Wars in the West American expansion westward brought conflict with Indian tribes – Manifest Destiny Conflicts lasted from 1860’s to 1890 Most tribes were moved to reservations Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 - Colorado War with the Sioux – 1874-1876 - Dakotas Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse – Sioux leaders Battle of the Little Bighorn – June 25, 1876 – George Armstrong Custer

14. Buffalo Soldiers – black soldiers War with the Navajo and Apache – 1860’s to 1880’s Geronimo Massacre at Wounded Knee – 1890 – South Dakota – Indian Wars are over

15. Crazy HorseSitting BullGeorge Armstrong Custer Custer’s Last Stand

16. Aftermath at Wounded Knee

17. Geronimo

18. The Wild West Mining, Ranching, and Farming were the big reasons for westward movement Pony Express – 1860’s Transcontinental Railroad – 1862-1869 Mining towns were know as Boomtowns – gold/silver Cattle Kingdom – Texas to Canada – Cowboys Range Wars 1862 – Homestead Act Sodbusters

20. Pony Express Transcontinental Railroad

21. 2 nd Industrial Revolution – 1850’s to 1890’s New power sources – petroleum/oil, electricity Led to new transportation expansion 1. Railroads – 193,000 miles of track by 1900 2. Cars – 1893 3. Airplanes – 1903 – Wright Brothers – Kitty Hawk, NC 1876 – Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell 1879 – Electric Light Bulb – Thomas Edison

22. First Car First Airplane Flight Wright Brothers

23. Thomas Edison Alexander Graham Bell

24. Big Business Forms Free Enterprise – government leaves business alone Entrepreneurs – people who start new businesses Patents – exclusive right to make or sell an invention Corporations – businesses that sell ownership stock to individuals

25. Andrew Carnegie – Steel Production – Vertical Integration John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company – Horizontal Integration Trusts – when companies group together to force out competition America is industrial leader of the world by mid- 1890’s

26. John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie

27. Workers Fight Back Labor Unions form to get better working conditions and pay – collective bargaining A. Knights of Labor B. American Federation of Labor – AFL 1886 – Haymarket Riot – Chicago Anarchists – people who oppose all government

28. 1889 – Homestead Strike – Pennsylvania Pinkerton Detective Agency 1894 – Pullman Strike 1890 – Sherman Anti-Trust Act – made monopolies and trusts illegal

29. Haymarket Riot

30. New Immigrants – After 1880 Old Immigrants – before 1880 – mostly from Northern and Western Europe New Immigrants – After 1880 – mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia 1. Came looking for jobs created by 2 nd Industrial Revolution – did most of the low-paying factory and construction work in the US. 2. Came to escape religious and political persecution – Armenians and Jews Voyages were usually difficult and uncomfortable – Steerage class Ellis Island, NY – main immigrant processing center

31. Ellis Island

32. Urban Life Most new immigrants settled in northern and mid-western cities, causing rapid growth – led to overcrowding, sanitation problems, increase in crime 1. 1850 – 6 cities with population over 100,000 2. 1900 – 35 cities with population over 100,000

33. Settled in areas with other people from their race or religion Benevolent Societies – aid groups set up to assist immigrant groups (death, sickness, unemployment) Many middle-class Americans began to move to suburbs – areas outside of cities

34. Resistance to Immigrants Nativists – people opposed to immigrants, usually because of racial or religious prejudice – worried about job competition 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – banned immigrants from China for 10 years – repealed in 1943 1894 – Immigration Restriction League – wanted all immigrants to prove literacy in some language, especially English

35. Rise of Populism US population doubled between 1860 and 1900 – number of farms tripled Farm competition and overproduction led to many farmers struggling – blames big business and it’s influence in government 1867 – National Grange

36. 1887 – Interstate Commerce Act – regulated trade and railroads 1888 – Sherman Silver Purchase Act – increased money supply 1892 – Populist Party formed for national political elections – struggled to find support and faded away