1. History of Psychology Three Beginnings Psychiatric Freud and psychoanalysis Testing Galton, Binet and intelligence testing Academic Wundt, James, Watson, Gestalt - laboratory psychology

2. Psychiatric Tradition Major Theorists Freud Jung Adler Ego Psychologists Erickson Horney Sullivan

3. Psychiatric Tradition Major Assumptions Can’t rely on what people say or do to indicate problems. Much or most of mental life is unconscious Must understand people comprehensively as a dynamic whole. Can’t understand just a part of the individual Best approach is a clinical approach More is learned by studying people who are sick

4. Galton Spearman Cattel Eysenck Binet Testing Tradition Major Theorists

5. Testing Tradition Major Assumptions Psychology is primarily a product of biology. emphasis on nature over nurture and evolution There are only a few ways that people differ. a small number of traits can explain the difference between people People’s traits can be understood through simple tests. paper and pencil tests are the way people are studied

6. Academic Tradition Major Theorists Wundt -Atomism James - Pragmatism Watson, Skinner - Behaviorism Lewin - Gestalt

7. Academic Tradition Major Assumptions Psychology is best when the causes are understood. The why is more important than the how or when People’s thought and actions can be understood By observing people we can understand them Systematic study produces the fullest understanding. Set up labs and experiments

8. Three New Beginnings of Psychology Psychiatric Tradition Humanistic Approach Trait Tradition Development of the Big 5 model of Personality (OCEAN) Academic Tradition Cognitive Revolution

9. Research Methodology - Basic Philosophy of Science Our ideas can often be wrong We set out to demonstrate they are wrong When we can not prove them wrong we accept them for now We may well prove them wrong later What is accepted is influenced by what is popular What is accepted is shaped by political forces and has political impact

10. Ways of Doing Research Tension between Discovery and Explanation Case Study Anna O. Naturalistic Observation Jane Goodall’s research with Chimps Survey Establishes generality and Correlations Experiment Establishes Causation

11. Research Methods - Surveys and Establishing Representativeness Representative Group of People Random Sampling Ask Unbiased Questions Establishes Correlation Among Variables

12. Correlation is not Causation - How Do you Establish Causation Correlation - When one variable changes the other variable changes Time Order - Which comes first the chicken or the egg Elimination of all other possible causes random assignment

13. Does Violent Media Cause Violent Actions? Violent Actions Exposure to Violent Media Exposure to Violent Media Violent Actions Exposure to Violent Media Violent Actions Something Else

14. How Experiment try to Establish Causality Independent Variables - Experimental group(s) Control group(s) Dependent Variables - Valid Reliable Time Order is built in Independent variable lead to dependent variables Eliminating other causes random assignment