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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Boating Emergencies...What To Do
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 2 89% Human Error 10% Equipment 1% Weather MOST ACCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE ! Accident Pyramid
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 3 Chapter Overview We will discuss: Risk management Boating accidents Personal injuries Weather emergencies Getting help Helping others 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 4 Boating Stressors Increase Risk Glare and heat of the sun Motion Noise Vibration Many boaters underestimate effects 1 2 3 4 5
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 5 Avoid Dehydration Thirst Dry mouth Sleepiness Irritability Weakness Dizziness Headache Drink plenty of Water 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 6 Alcohol And Boating Don’t Mix What happens if a person uses alcohol while operating a boat? Why are alcohol’s effects intensified in the water? 1 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 7 Life Jackets (PFDs) 90% boating fatalities are drownings No PFD, or inadequate Ensure that PFDs are: Readily accessible Proper size Good condition 1 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 8 Falling Overboard What are some ways to prevent persons from falling overboard? What should you do if someone does fall overboard? 1 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 9 Overboard Shout “MAN OVERBOARD” Reduce speed Throw PFD Point Turn around Approach from downwind Stop engine Pull aboard 1 2 3 4 5 4 5
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 10 1 st Reach Last Resort Go 3 rd Row 2 nd Throw Rescue Technique Consider Your Own Safety When Attempting To Rescue Others Consider Your Own Safety When Attempting To Rescue Others
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 11 Capsizing & Swamping Don’t overload the boat Controlled turns Anchor from bow only Stay with boat Try to re-board 1 2 3 4 5
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 12 Keep a proper lookout. Failure to maintain a lookout is the #1 cause of collisions Practice good seamanship. 1 2 Prevent Collisions
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 13 Collision What should you do? - 1 st Check Passengers, any injuries? Put on lifejackets - 2 nd Evaluate Vessel, assess damage. fire?, flooding?, pump, bail, - 3 rd Assign duties, tasks - Then call for help, if needed 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 14 Prevent Running Aground Know water depth Location of submerged objects Tide coming in or going out? When High or Low? 1 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 15 If You Go Aground What should you do? - Assess Damage - Check your Chart. Which way is deeper water. - Can the tide float the boat?
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 16 Fire Emergencies Don’t mix the three ingredients required for combustion 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 17 In Case Of Fire What should you do? 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 18 PWC On Fire How is a fire and the courses of action on a PWC different than on a boat? Do not attempt to retrieve a fire extinguisher from a burning PWC. (Use another boat’s fire extinguisher) 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 19 Pull pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze handle Sweep side to side Using The Fire Extinguisher PASSPASS
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 20 What are some of the symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? How can you protect yourself and your passengers? 1 2 3 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 21 Air flow can suck fumes into boat Station Wagon Effect
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 22 If a person is injured on the boat what should you do for the following: Bleeding Burns Broken bones Head and neck injuries Serious Injuries 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 23 Maintain First Aid Kit Know How To Handle Injuries
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 24 Hypothermia Can Cause Death What are some of the symptoms? - Body’s core temp drops below 95 degrees - Shivering (note, as body functions begin to shut down shivering stops) - Slurred Speech - Drowsiness - Weak Pulse - Shallow Breathing - Progressive Loss if Consciousness Hypothermia can occur in water as warm as 77 degrees 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 25 Hypothermia Can Cause Death Cold Water robs the body of heat 25 times faster Than Air. Even After Rescue The victim’s Blood pressure can continue to drop. Begin warming methods Immediately.
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 26 Reduces exposure of high heat loss areas of body Heat Escape Lessening Position
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 27 Huddle What are the advantages of the “huddle” position? 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 28 Check weather on VHF-FM radio Wx-1 Wx-2 Wx-3 What are some signs that the weather is deteriorating? 1 2 Weather
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 29 When Caught In Bad Weather What can you do if you are caught in bad weather? Dangers include: - High Winds, High Seas and Waves - Loss of Visibility - Loss of Control - Lightning A Majority of lightning injures and deaths occur on small boats with NO cabin. If possible, get off the water. 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 30 When Caught In Bad Weather If you can’t get off the water 1. Know your position in case you need help 2. Put on PFDs 3. Keep low in the boat 4. Secure all loose gear 5. Masts and antennas might provide a cone of protection if properly grounded.
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 31 When Caught In Fog Fog can be very disorienting What should you do? - Note your position while you can still see landmarks - Get out of the main channel to avoid collisions - Assign Lookouts (also listen) - Drop Anchor, (but not in the channel) 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 32 To Get Help
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 33 To Get Help A Worse Case Scenario for Discussion - You are offshore - You hit a submerged floating object - Your boat is badly damaged and taking on water fast - Passengers are all OK, but the boat is disabled - You fear that the boat may sink before help can arrive - You only have minutes to call for help Discuss: - What means for communication that you may have available. - What to try first. -Communication Devices to take if you have to abandon ship (Details will follow on future slides)
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 34 Cell phone on a boat? Advantages - Private Conversations -Often more than one onboard -Text message may get through when voice doesn’t 1 To Get Help Disadvantages - Coverage - No Location Info broadcast - Cell phones and Water don’t mix
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 35 VHF MARINE RADIO VHF channel 16 International distress, safety and calling Widely monitored by US Coast Guard stations, and vessels Some areas use VHF Channel 9 As an alternative Non-Emergency Hailing Channel 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 36 Distress, Urgency, & Safety Messages What radio call would you use for the following situations? Distress (MAYDAY) Urgency (PAN pronounced “PAHN”) Safety (SECURITY) 1 2 3 4
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 37 Important Channels VHF channel 26 or 27 Radio Check (Sponsored by Seatow) “Seatow, Seatow, Seatow” “This is the Vessel ______ Calling for Radio Check” Seatow will respond with an automated message and replay your transmission to confirm the quality of your message” DO NOT do a radio Check on Channel 16 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 38 Important Channels VHF channel 13 Call to Bridge Tender or Lockmaster 2
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 39 Important Channels VHF channel 22 Coast Guard liaison and maritime safety First make contact on 16 Information broadcasts first announced on channel 16 3
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 40 Working Channels 68 Non-Commercial (A popular recreational “Working Channel”) 69 Non-Commercial (A popular recreational “Working Channel”) 71 Non-Commercial 72 Non-Commercial (intership only) 78A Non-Commercial 1 2 3 4 5
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 41 Important Channels WX-1, WX-2, WX-3 NOAA Weather Channels 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 42 VHF Radio with DSC Marine VHF radios with digital selective calling (DSC) Each radio is programmed with a unique identification number that allows a Rescue Command Centers (RCC) to identify a vessel in distress by Name, Physical description and nature of distress.
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 43 VHF – DSC Radio In a distress situation the operator. Pushes and holds a button for 5 seconds Radio automatically broadcasts distress call on a special channel to the Coast Guard If the radio is correctly registered, the Coast Guard immediately has the vessel description, and its position. The Coast Guard can now accurately dispatch an appropriate and timely rescue
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 44 VHF-DSC After an emergency call the radio automatically returns to channel 16 Vessel operator should then initiate a regular voice distress call. “MAYDAY”
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 45 MMSI Number To Register and Get your MMSI Number http://www.boatus.com/mmsi http://www.boatus.com/mmsi It’s Free and Takes only Minutes
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 46 Other DSC Considerations Connecting your DSC Radio To your GPS will broadcast your Position when the emergency Button is pressed. Never “Test Press” the Distress Button
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 47 To Get Help Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) Handheld VHF with DSC and GPS Mounted EPIRB Personal GPS Locator Sends Text Message And Location also 1 button distress call 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 48 1 Helping Others The skipper of a boat is obligated by law to provide assistance to any individual in danger at sea providing that the assistance can be provided safely and without endangering the life of the rescuer.
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 49 What must you remember when towing another boat ? 1. You become responsible for the towed boat & occupants. 2. Use your own line & consider the strength of your cleats (Cleats should be thru-bolted with a backing plate). 1 Helping Others
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 50 Attaching to towed boat. - Use a bridle will increase your ability to steer while towing - Ask occupants of the towed vessel to seat themselves safely 1 Helping Others Note: this individual is not considered to be safely seated
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 51 1 Helping Others Towing at any speed above “Slow Speed” could result in a Serious Accident Imagine what would happen If this tow boat ran aground at this speed! TOW SLOW
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 52 Helping Others Adjust line length so towed boat rides at least 3 wave lengths behind ( Maintain a safe controlled speed) 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 53 Chapter 6 Review
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 54 Review Exercises Carbon monoxide poisoning can result from exposure to: fumes from an overloaded holding tank. oil vapors emitted from a crankcase ventilation valve. exhaust from engines and generators. fumes from stale bait deteriorating in the bait well. 2 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 55 Review Exercises If involved in a collision your first action is to: get the name, address, and insurance company of the operator of the other boat. check your vhf radio to see if it is damaged. place fenders between the two boats to eliminate further damage. account for and check the condition of your crew and the occupants of the other boat. 3 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 56 Review Exercises If your boat swamps or capsizes, the primary rule to remember is: immediately send someone over the side to swim for help. always stay with the boat. swim some distance from the boat to avoid oil slicks. fasten a line to the boat and ask all to help pull it to shore. 4 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 57 Review Exercises When encountering restricted visibility of any kind, your first reaction should be to: determine your position as accurately as possible while there is visibility to do so. put on foul weather gear to keep from getting cold and wet. ring your ship’s bell one short ring every second to advise other vessels of your presence. use your hailer every three minutes to announce that you are underway and ask all other vessels to keep clear. 5 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 58 Review Exercises If you are caught on the water in bad weather, your first step should be to: listen for a weather forecast. pour water into the bilge to increase stability. turn and head for shore at full speed. see that all on board are wearing properly secured life preservers. 6 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 59 Review Exercises When towing, never tie to an improperly mounted cleat. Cleats used for towing should always be: screwed to the boat with long, heavy screws. both cemented and screwed to the boat. attached to the deck with strong water-proof glue. through-bolted with a backing block. a b c d 1
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 60 Review Exercises The use of a marine radiotelephone on a recreational boat is restricted to: distress, safety, operational, and public correspondence communications. trivial chatter on channels 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 78. calling the coast guard on channel 68 for a radio check. obtaining weather broadcasts on channels 24 – 28 and 84 – 88. 7 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 61 Review Exercises Calling channels for recreational vessels to contact other vessels or shore stations are: 8 and 7. 11 and 9. 16 and 9. 17 and 14. 8 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 62 Review Exercises The skipper of a boat is obligated by law to provide assistance to any individual in danger at sea providing that the: recipient is adequately insured. assistance can be provided safely without endangering the life of the rescuer. person in need agrees to financial remuneration. assistance cannot be provided by someone else. 9 a b c d
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Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 63 End Chapter 6
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