1. EXER-STATION Bichar Myrtil Tarafa M. Al-Awaj

2. ISSUE "We have noticed that children in America are tending more toward obesity [& general less fitness] than in decades past; Part of it is due to sedentary lifestyles that kids are getting into. Rather than run in the woods, they've got Game Boy, Nintendo and television." - Discovery_Channel.com/Health - Discovery_Channel.com/Health Dec 2003 Dec 2003

3. Issue Children’s Hospital has realized that patients spend majority of time playing video games Children’s Hospital has realized that patients spend majority of time playing video games In addition, most patients (i.e. PKU patients) have physical handicaps In addition, most patients (i.e. PKU patients) have physical handicaps Usually have minimal exercise in a day Usually have minimal exercise in a day Deterioration in general health Deterioration in general health

4. TARGET PATIENTS Specially designed for PKU patients in the Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital Specially designed for PKU patients in the Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital Inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine Inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine Chronically high levels of phenylalanine and some of its breakdown products can cause significant brain problems Chronically high levels of phenylalanine and some of its breakdown products can cause significant brain problems Signs of nervous system function problems, such as increased muscle tone, and more active muscle tendon reflexes and decreased body growth Signs of nervous system function problems, such as increased muscle tone, and more active muscle tendon reflexes and decreased body growth

5. TARGET PATIENTS (cont’d) TARGET PATIENTS (cont’d) STATISTICS One of every 10,000 to 20,000 Caucasian or Oriental births (the incidence in African Americans is far less) One of every 10,000 to 20,000 Caucasian or Oriental births (the incidence in African Americans is far less) Equally frequent in males and females Equally frequent in males and females ≈ 27,200 individuals in the USA only ≈ 27,200 individuals in the USA only

6. TARGET PATIENTS (cont’d) TARGET PATIENTS (cont’d) PARAMETERS Limited IQs ( < 80 ) “Special” Limited IQs ( < 80 ) “Special” Some Physical Limitations Some Physical Limitations Lower Socio-Economic Background (limits financial resources) Lower Socio-Economic Background (limits financial resources) Parents Usually Low in Motivation Parents Usually Low in Motivation Other Limited Resources (e.g., education) Other Limited Resources (e.g., education)

7. Alternate Solutions DRUG ADMINSTRATION (e.g., Amphetamines) DRUG ADMINSTRATION (e.g., Amphetamines) Adverse Psychological Effect/Damage Adverse Psychological Effect/Damage Possibly Addictive (Dependency) Possibly Addictive (Dependency) PERSONAL TRAINER/THERAPIST PERSONAL TRAINER/THERAPIST Expensive (Cost Factor) Expensive (Cost Factor) Lack of Independent Motivation Lack of Independent Motivation

8. Solution Incorporate an amount of physical aerobic activity into video play + Incorporate ‘leg-activated’ commands instead of ‘finger-activated’ + Independent Exercise + Patient can remain sedentary + Aid in improving patient health and morale ________________________________________ = EXER-STATION

9. “Pedal power energy has been in use since the nineteenth century. Pedal power uses the most powerful muscles in the body: the quads, hamstrings, and calves. When pedaling in a circular motion at sixty to eighty revolutions per minute, with the use of toe clips, almost every muscle in the human legs can be used to make energy.” “Pedal power energy has been in use since the nineteenth century. Pedal power uses the most powerful muscles in the body: the quads, hamstrings, and calves. When pedaling in a circular motion at sixty to eighty revolutions per minute, with the use of toe clips, almost every muscle in the human legs can be used to make energy.” -Wilson 1977 -Wilson 1977

10. MODEL of EXER-STATION

11. North and South of the Left analog stick will be replaced by pedal motion. All other commands will remain intact and function through hand controller. CONTROLLER

12. Volare Mag Trainer w/Elastogel and Remote Magnetic resistance unit with 5 different levels of adjustment RESISTANCE

13. Output from generator will be smoothed and scaled to produce a DC current from -3V to +3V for maximum backward/forward (down/up) motion respectively. DC GENERATOR

15. ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS TIRE DIAMETER= 24” (Unicycle Wheel w/ Pedals Directly Attached) TIRE DIAMETER= 24” (Unicycle Wheel w/ Pedals Directly Attached) Speed Range 40-120 RPM Speed Range 40-120 RPM Below:- Strains joints Below:- Strains joints Above:- Efficiency falls off Above:- Efficiency falls off

16. EXTRA PARAMETERS (CONT’D) Shaft 8mm diameter Armature 52mm diameter Rpm2 = (d1/d2) * Rpm1

17. GAMEPLAY Design and Tested To Work Best w/ Motion Games or Simple Maneuver (Racecar, 1 st Person-Action, etc) Design and Tested To Work Best w/ Motion Games or Simple Maneuver (Racecar, 1 st Person-Action, etc)

18. AIMS 1 hour of Exer-Station = 20 minute Brisk Walk 20 minute Brisk Walk 4 minute Sprint Approximately 86 Calories!

19. Results? Kids play ≈ 6 hours/day Kids play ≈ 6 hours/day Use ≈ 100 Calories/hour Use ≈ 100 Calories/hour Expend ≈ 600 Calories/day!!! Expend ≈ 600 Calories/day!!!

20. MARKET POTENTIAL Ages 8+ Ages 8+ Hospital Patients Hospital Patients Obese Individuals Obese Individuals Individuals concerned about fitness Individuals concerned about fitness General Video Game Audience General Video Game Audience

21. TIME CHART DecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril Preliminary research Extensive research Feedback Design Prototype Testing

22. BUDGET $400 Initial Budget (from Dr. Summar) $400 Initial Budget (from Dr. Summar) Playstation II Console ($200) Playstation II Console ($200) Multiple Controllers ($75) Multiple Controllers ($75) Three Games ($150) Three Games ($150) Additional $350 Requested (from Dr. King’s Grant) Additional $350 Requested (from Dr. King’s Grant) Leg Activated Elements Leg Activated Elements Unicycle ($125) Unicycle ($125) Mag. Trainer ($150) Mag. Trainer ($150) DC Generator ($25) DC Generator ($25) Wires Wires LEDs LEDs Chips Chips Circuit Board Circuit Board Decorative Design/ Aesthetics Decorative Design/ Aesthetics Miscellaneous Miscellaneous

23. ADVISORS ADVISORS Paul H. King, PhD., P.E.: Paul H. King, PhD., P.E.: -Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt. -Instructor of the senior Biomedical Engineering design course at Vanderbilt. Marshall Summar, M.D.: Marshall Summar, M.D.: -Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt. -Associate Professor of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics at Vanderbilt. VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY -lab space -machine shop -research facilities -software -help purchase necessary tools/equipment SECOND BASE -back-up location when primary lab not available RESOURCES

24. w/ Exer-station w/ Exer-station