1. Baby boom Britain UK population trends 2013 Simon Oakes Fotolia

2. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Presentation outline 1.Baby boom Britain 2.No end to ageing? 3.Migration issues 4.Regional variations Fotolia

3. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Definitions test Economic migrantSomeone who has moved in search of paid work Net migrationThe sum of people entering an area and people leaving an area; the figure can be negative (a net loss of people) or positive (a net gain) Fertility rateThe number of children a woman gives birth to during her lifetime Replacement levelThe fertility rate required to maintain a population at its current size Crude birth rate (CBR)The number of live births per 1000 people per year Crude death rate (CDR)The number of deaths per 1000 people per year Ageing populationA population whose median age is increasing Write out the definitions

4. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Baby boom Britain The UK fertility rate rose to 1.96 in 2009, its highest value since 1973. Much of the new increase can be attributed to foreign-born women living in the UK. Their fertility rate is relatively high at 2.5 children per mother. However, the fertility rate among UK-born women increased independently by 10% between 2005 and 2009, taking it to 1.84 children. 33,000 extra babies were born in 2009 compared with 2007. There were 220,000 more births than deaths in 2008. Natural increase - the difference between births and deaths - has therefore become as important as immigration in driving UK population growth. UK population is now 63.7m, up from 58.8m in 2001. Primary-school funding is in crisis, with 256,000 extra places needed for 2014. The crunch will be worst-felt in places with large migrant populations.

5. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Baby boom Britain Further echoes took place in 1990 and again in 2012 The massive boom in 1964 was partly an ‘echo’ of the postwar (1945) boom Note that population size is 10 million higher than in 1964, so the CBR remains lower (the data show total births, not the CBR)

6. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 No end to ageing? The UK population is still ageing, despite plenty of new babies being born. Continuing improvements in healthcare mean that the number of people aged 85 and over has reached a record 1.3 million. This is the equivalent of one in every 50 people. The population of over 85s soared by 270,000 in 2001 to 1.4 million in the latest census (this is the fastest growth rate for any age group in the UK). By 2066, there are predicted to be over half a million people aged 100 or over alive in the UK. There are now more than 10 million people aged 65 and over.

7. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 No end to ageing? The growth of the 0–15 cohort is actually far less than that of some other cohorts The greatest growth rate is among the over-65s, especially the over-85s Change in population by age group, 2001–12

8. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Migration trends Net migration is the difference between in-migration and out- migration. It is hard in practice for the government to control net migration due to many factors operating at the same time If more people emigrate again, asin 2006 and 2008, net migration could fall more steeply in the future

9. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Migration issues The UK government has pledged to cut net migration to 100,000 people a year. This has created problems for universities, which rely on highfees paid by overseas students. Foreigners with a student visa are the largest group of migrants whoenter the UK each year. Some businesses worry that migration restrictions also threaten the UK’s role as a global hub — already, some Indian, Chinese and Brazilian TNCs are unimpressed that they cannot transfer staff to the UK more easily. The government is finding it tough to meet its pledge because fewer Brits are leaving due to the weak pound and fewer opportunities overseas due to the global recession. This means that net migration figure may rise even if fewer immigrants arrive. Find out more at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-21592765http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-21592765

10. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Migration issues The government recently launched a controverisalcampaign against illegal immigrants (adverts have been driven around some neighbourhoods). Find out more at: http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/29/go-home- campaign-illegal-immigrantshttp://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/29/go-home- campaign-illegal-immigrants People disagree over the net benefits that migrants bring to the UK. Find out more at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/halting-immigration- would-cost-uk-18bn-in-five-years-8555344.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/halting-immigration- would-cost-uk-18bn-in-five-years-8555344.html

11. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Regional variations When studying UK population trends, dont forget that there are marked regional variations. The map shows population increasing everywhere – but are the causes the same for each region? Some regions may experience more migration and a rise in fertility; in other regions, increased life expectancy might be the main cause for growth. As exam practice, can you describe the pattern shown? Population change 2001–12 for UK regions

12. Presentation title UK population trends 2013 Conclusions The pyramid shows changes in the UK population structure from 2001 to 2012. Try to summarise the main changes due to (a) migration (b) ageing and (c) fertility rise.