1. The age of Television

2. Earliest experiments in 1890sEarliest experiments in 1890s –Italian monk – Casselli –Pictures by wire

3. The age of Television Mechanical TelevisionMechanical Television Paul Nipkow – scanning diskPaul Nipkow – scanning disk –Nipkow disk John Loge BairdJohn Loge Baird –Scottish inventor working with BBC

4. The age of Television

5. Electronic television – cathode ray tubeElectronic television – cathode ray tube Vladimir ZworykinVladimir Zworykin –Iconoscope Philo T. FarnsworthPhilo T. Farnsworth –Image Dissector

6. The age of Television

7. First technical standards set by FCC in 1941First technical standards set by FCC in 1941 8 stations on the air8 stations on the air Blacked out during WWIIBlacked out during WWII After war – chaos on the airwaves!After war – chaos on the airwaves!

8. The age of Television 1948 - FCC declares “FREEZE” on TV applications1948 - FCC declares “FREEZE” on TV applications Channels 2-13 would be too crowdedChannels 2-13 would be too crowded 1952 – Freeze lifted by issuance of 6 th Report and Order1952 – Freeze lifted by issuance of 6 th Report and Order

9. 6 th Report and Order Created UHF Band (14-88)Created UHF Band (14-88) Reserved channels for educational useReserved channels for educational use City-by-city allocationsCity-by-city allocations

10. UHF Parity Initially UHF channels on separate tunerInitially UHF channels on separate tuner No “click stops”No “click stops” Parity rule required “détente” tuners.Parity rule required “détente” tuners.

11. Cable Community Television Antenna (CATV)Community Television Antenna (CATV) To provide clear signals from nearby citiesTo provide clear signals from nearby cities Originated in WV or PAOriginated in WV or PA

12. Cable

13. Cable Import distant signalsImport distant signals Provide premium programmingProvide premium programming

14. Cable Head-endHead-end PlantPlant Trunk, branchesTrunk, branches

15. Cable SuperstationsSuperstations Cable networksCable networks Premium channelsPremium channels Pay-per-viewPay-per-view Local originationLocal origination InteractiveInteractive

16. Cable ChurnChurn PiracyPiracy FranchisingFranchising Tiered ratesTiered rates

17. TV terminology NetworkNetwork AffiliateAffiliate IndependentIndependent Terrestrial broadcastTerrestrial broadcast

18. TV programming Off-net syndicationOff-net syndication First-run syndicationFirst-run syndication Barter syndicationBarter syndication Strip programmingStrip programming Block programmingBlock programming Counter programmingCounter programming Head – to – head programmingHead – to – head programming

19. TV programming Prime timePrime time –Formerly 7-11 –PTAR created the early fringe 7-8 –Now 8-11 –Late fringe 11-12 –Morning, afternoon, overnight