1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  What does a plant need to survive?  _________________  Which of the above is organic?____________

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules.  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical bond energy.  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into glucose.

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Formula for photosynthesis:

9. The leaf

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Occurs in two phases:  Light Phase  Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts  Dark Phase  Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts

14. Light Phase/Reaction  Occurs only in the presence of light  Also called Photolysis  Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygen  Also called Light Dependent Reaction

15. Light Phase/Reaction  Drawing of Photolysis:

16. Dark Phase/Reaction  In order for the DARK PHASE to occur, HYDROGEN has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE.  This carrier molecule is called NADP.  When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is NADPH.

17. Dark Phase/Reaction  Also called Light Independent Reaction  Also called Carbon Fixation.  In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from the atmosphere combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to form GLUCOSE.  ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma for the dark reaction.

18. Carbon Fixation  Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction:  CO 2 + H 2  2 PGAL  glucose

19. Factors Effecting Photosynthesis  Temperature  Light Intensity  Availability of Water  Elevation

20. Graphs for Photosynthesis

21. CELLULAR RESPIRATION  Occurs in plants AND animals.  Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOPLASM.

22. CELLULAR RESPIRATION  The process by which energy in food molecules (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used by the cells (ATP).  Can be AEROBIC (uses O 2 ) or ANAEROBIC (does NOT use O 2 )

23. CELL RESPIRATION  Picture

24. CELLULAR RESPIRATION  ATP  Adenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY  Comes from chemical bonds breaking  The more bonds broken, the more energy made.  Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds.

25. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

26. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION  Occurs in the CYTOPLASM  Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen.  Glucose is partially broken down.  Also called GLYCOLYSIS or FERMENTATION.  Produces:  Ethyl Alcohol ( in yeast)  Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).

27. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION  Pyruvic Acid  produced by the breakdown of sugars during GLYCOLYSIS

28. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION  Formula

29. AEROBIC RESPIRATION  Making ATP USING oxygen.  Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA  More energy efficient than anaerobic respiration (releases more energy).  Bonds in glucose are completely broken down.

30. AEROBIC RESPIRATION  Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2ATP  Pyruvate  CO 2 + H 2 O + 38 ATP O 2 O 2

31. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration) Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken downMakes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down Produces 4 ATP (gross)Produces 4 ATP (gross)

32. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Produces citric acid, which is then broken downProduces citric acid, which is then broken down Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, releasing CO 2Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, releasing CO 2

33. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 3. Electron Transport Chain Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down.Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down. Releases H 2 OReleases H 2 O

34. AEROBIC RESPIRATION

35. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lactic acid

36. CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS