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Published byCody Rees Modified over 11 years ago
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Liquid Crystals A Unique State of Matter Prepared By: Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D., RESEED Silicon Valley, 2008
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Solid or Crystal State
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Liquid Crystal State
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Liquid Crystal Ordering Single Molecules Attractive Forces Hold Molecules in Line Each line of molecules can slide past each other
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Normal Liquid State
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Solid Liquid Crystal Liquid Heat Cool Changes from One State to Another A Completely Reversible Physical Change
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Liquid Crystal Molecule Licristal K-18 made by E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
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Liquid Crystals under a Microscope Scanning Tunneling Microscope photo of a liquid crystal mixture 100 x 100 Angstrom Units Molecular model of the mixture Source: Frommer, J., Liquid Crystals Today, 3 (2) 1993; Photos taken at IBM Almaden Research Center
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Observing the Liquid Crystal State Heat Cool Solid (Crystals) Liquid Crystal (Opaque) Clear Liquid A Completely Reversible Physical Change
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Phase Change Diagram For K-18 Liquid Crystal
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Drop of Liquid Crystal on Glass
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Thin Layer of Liquid Crystal in Nematic (Thread-like) Phase
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Motion of Liquid Crystals in Electric Fields
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Liquid Crystals Uses Displays for Electronic Products Displays for Electronic Products -Computers -Television -Cell Phones -iPODs -Clocks and watches -Instrument gauges -Thermometers Temperature Sensors Temperature Sensors Biological Research Biological Research Chemical Structure Analysis Chemical Structure Analysis
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Liquid Crystals Displays (LCDs) Why Liquid Crystals? Why Liquid Crystals? -Very Low Power Consumption -Low Voltage Operation -Very Thin Display -Compatible with Digital Electronics -Can be made in many different sizes
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First Liquid Crystal Display 1967 – RCA Laboratories
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First Watches to use LCDs 19701972
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First LCD Computer Displays 8 x 3-inch Screens1983
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First LCD Color Television 2-inch diagonal screen -1983
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Simple Version of Liquid Crystal TV Display Assembly
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Cross-section of One Picture Element In Color Liquid Crystal TV Display
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Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions
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45-inch screen Sharp - 2000 52-inch screen LG.Philips - 2003
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Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions 82-inch screen Samsung – 2005
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Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions 100-inch screen LG.Philips – 2006
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