1. Social Institutions
Dr. Sadaf Sajjad

2. Social Institutions
A social institution is an important human organization in a culture group that helps a society to survive.
Sociologists have identified government, religion, education , economy and family as the five basic social institutions that are necessary for a society to survive
An easy way to remember the social institutions is by using the initials GREEF

3. Video 1 : Instituitions

4. Social Institutions

5. What Is a Social Institution?
a group of social positions, connected
by social relations, performing a social
role.
also defined in a narrow sense
as any institution in a society
that works to socialize the groups
of people in it.

6. Other definition:
*Group of people banded together for
common purposes having rights, privilege’s, liabilities, goals, or objectives distinct and independent from those of individual members.

7. *Universities, governments, families, and any people
Common Examples of Social Institution:
*Universities, governments, families, and any people
or groups that you have social
interactions with.

8. Social Institutions Categories:
1.Community
2.Community Service Organizations
3.Educational Institutions
4.Ethnic or Cultural Groups
5.Extended Family Families and Households
6.Governments and Legal Institutions
7.Health Care Institutions
8.Intellectual and Cultural Organizations Market Institutions 9.Political and Non Government Organizations
10.Religious Organizations

9. Characteristic and functions of an Institution
CHARACTERISTICS:
Palispis ( 1996 ) :
Institution are purposive. Each of them
has the satisfaction of social needs
as its own goal or objective.
They are relatively permanent in their
content. The pattern roles and relations
that people enact in particular culture
become traditional and enduring.

10. Video 2: Social Instituitions

11. 2.Institutions are structured. The components tend
to band together, and reinforce one
another.
3.Institutions are unified structure. They function
as a unit. Institutions are dependent
on one another.
4. Institutions are necessarily value-laden. Their
repeated uniformities , patterns and trends become
codes of conduct.
5.Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
Their repeated uniformities patterns and trends become codes of conduct.

12. 1.Institutions simplify social behavior for the individual person.
FUNCTIONS:
1.Institutions simplify social behavior for the
individual person.
2.Institutions, thererfore , provide ready-made forms
of social relations for the individual.

13. 3.Institutions also act as agencies of
coordination and stability for the total culture.
4.Institutionds tend to control behavior.
They contain the systematic expectations of the society .

14. and services, preserving order, and providing
Functional Theorists :
Five Essential Tasks
* Replacing members or procreation, teaching new members, producing, distributing and consuming goods
and services, preserving order, and providing
and maintaining a sense of purpose.

15. *Group behavior is often subconsciously fixed
through constant repetition and when there
is a need for planning, the
group can easily ascertain from its
institutions the normal modes, trends and
procedures.

16. G is for Government
Government is the political organization of a society
The purpose of government is to keep order and make group decisions
In the U.S., the government keeps order by providing law enforcement at various levels; it defends us from enemies through the armed services; it provides social services like Social Security and Medicare; it protects the rights of the population.

17. R is for Religion
Religion represents the moral belief system of a society; it can include ideas about magic, superstition and an explanation about how the universe came about
Religion is necessary to determine group values; to have a common belief system
Although American society has many religions sects, they serve similar functions. Religion teaches a moral code that is generally reflective of the society;

18. Religion as an
Institution

19. 1. Meet Basic needs not met by Other Social Institutions.
4 Functions of Religion
Other Social
Institutions.

20. Number 2
Meet ultimate
concerns with life
and death.

21. Explain the meaning
of existence
Number 3

22. Provide social
stability…provide
individuals with
Number 4
A moral & ethical
code of behavior.

23. Varied roles of
RELIGION

24. Religion is a very early social institution.
Neathanderthal man (Homo Neanderthalensis)
seemed to have some
religious faith…Burials

25. In their attempt to account for awe-
inspiring phenomena.

26. Such as
storms, men
came to the
conclusion
supernatural
powers
existed

27. Another idea that took place was the growth of ideas of right & wrong.
Good behavior must be rewarded by the gods; bad behavior would be punished. A code of ethics.

28. Two views on Religion
1. Emile Durkheim
2. Karl Marx

29. VS. M a r x Viewed religious functions Believed that religionk h e i m M a r x
VS.
Viewed religious functions
and ceremonies as a way to
bring a community together
Believed that religion
divided the classes…
strong vs. weak.

30. Religion in America

31. Religion in America
Religion in America is much different than in other parts of the world

32. In the United States
there is no established
Church due to
separation
of Church
& State.

33. toleration and freedom
There is a
high degree
of religious
toleration and freedom
in the U.S.
thanks to
the 1st
Amendment

34. As a result the
United States has many
different religious
groups living together
in harmony.

35. Some people believe religion in America is on the decline.
Why?
1. General decadence.
2. Expansion of science.
3. Other social institutions provide value
instruction.

36. While others believe Religion in America is still important. Why?
1. Science and secular world have failed to provide answers that people want.
* 80% state that religion is important
* 15% state religion is not important

37. E is for Economy
The economy of a culture represents the way that resources are used to meet human needs and wants
An economy is necessary because it allows people to make a living and determines how to acquire and distribute goods and services
The American economy provides a great number of goods and services demanded by society. It produces and distributes food supplies; it manufactures and sells industrial and consumer goods; it conducts trade with industries around the globe.

38. E is for Education
Education is the institution that passes on essential cultural knowledge to members of a society
Education is necessary to pass information and knowledge of the culture from one generation to the next
American education instills knowledge about the world; it provides skills to become competent in the adult world of work; it teaches the values of the American way of life; it offers opportunities for intellectual, social and emotional growth.

39. All societies make some arrangements for the education of the young.
Think back to Cultural Anthropology and how the various societies educated their young...

40. Importance of Educational
Institutions

41. Schools are necessary because of 2 facts… 1. Human culture is
not biologically
inherited, but learned.
2. Young people develop
social personalities
through adult care &
teaching.

42. One of the major problems to face
American Education is educating
the culturally diverse and deprived.

43. A major problem to face American
education is balancing the needs of
the individual students costwise...
with community demands for
economy in education.

44. The goal of Education today
1. Continue the existing culture
2. Add to the existing culture
3. Advance the existing culture

45. F is for Family
Family is the first and most basic social unit of society
Family is necessary to care for the young, to provide a kinship system for social organization
The American family is the basic unit of society. As such, it cares for the young physically, emotionally, socially and intellectually. It provides the basic living arrangements; it structures the kinship system; it furnishes companionship and emotional and social support for its members.

46. Family Structures Nuclear family--- just the parents and the children
Extended family--- other relatives, such as grandparents, uncles and aunts are also included

47. Video 3: Instituition

48. THANKYOU