1. Europe Unit

2.  Russia is 6,592,735 square miles  Russia and the Republics are located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres  Russia and the Republics make up 1/6 of the earth’s land surface and cover 11 time zones SIZE & LOCATION

4.  Stretches 1,000 miles from the Western border to the Ural Mountains  Abundant in one of the world’s most fertile soils, chernozem, which means black earth  Most agricultural areas and major cities are located here NORTHERN EUROPEAN PLAIN

5. Northern European Plain

6.  The Ural Mountains separate the Northern European and Western Siberian Plains  The Caucasus Mountains form the border between Russia and Transcaucasia – region that consists of the republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia  Some mountains along the southeastern border form such a wall and are so high that they prevent moist air from entering the region MOUNTAIN RANGES

7. Ural Mountains Caucasus Mountains

8.  Deepest lake in the world  Holds 20% of the world’s fresh water  1,200 species, including the world’s only freshwater seal LAKE BAIKAL

9.  Frigid arctic and subarctic temperatures  Temps can drop to -90 degrees F  Permafrost and inconsistent temperatures cause builders to have to raise their structures a few feet of the ground on concrete pillars  Buildings will sink or fall without the pillars  Many resources here, but they are hard to get and/or transport due to climates, terrain, and distance SIBERIA

12.  Capital city and largest city  Located on the Moskva River  Center of Russian culture  Known for unique architecture  One of the largest economies in Europe – chemicals, food, textiles, energy production, software development, and furniture manufacturing MOSCOW

14.  Second largest city  Located on the delta of the Neva River  The country’s largest port  Main exports: machinery, industrial equipment, and metals ST. PETERSBURG

15.  Capital of Ukraine  Largest city in Ukraine  Located on the Dnieper River  Major economic industries - Engineering industry, chemicals, textiles, food processing, gas, oil, and coal  Known for art and architecture KIEV

16.  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  Communist  Began with the Russian Revolution in 1917 and ended with the collapse of Communist government in 1991  Involved in the Cold War with the United States – referred to as the Cold War because there was never open warfare between the two nations USSR

18.  In Transcaucasia, many people lost their lives during Soviet rule because of their difference in beliefs  In Central Asia, Soviet Leaders paired ethnic groups against each other to establish their dominance  The Republics became free in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union THE REPUBLICS

19. You need to complete a 3-2-1 Describe 3 major cities Describe 2 major landforms Explain 1 way in which people in Siberia build 3-2-1