1. Russian and Soviet Expansionism Russian Imperial flag Soviet flag Current Russian flag Read only

2. A. The country we know today as Russia started out as a small settlement on the Moscow river. –R–Rulers have always been in need of warm water ports for trade. Summarize

3. B. Early cultures of Russia – clustered / grouped together around rivers such as the Volga for transportation/trade access Black Sea Summarize

4. C.The Rus (Reds) built a Kremlin (fort) on the Moscow river at Moscova/Moscow and made Moscow their capital city. The Kremlin is still the site of Russia’s government today. Summarize

5. The original walls of the Kremlin Read only

6. Czar’s palace in Moscow Read only

7. D. Before the 20 th century, Russia was ruled by Czars. Czar means ‘Caesar’ ie King Czars had absolute authority over all Russians. One goal of the Czar’s was to expand Russian territory Czar Ivan III Summarize

8. 1500s > Ivan III expanded the territory to include northern Russia. He was trying to find a port for trade.

9. St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow – built during the time of Ivan the Terrible… Read only

10. Czar Ivan III challenges the rule of the Mongols from Asia, destroying the letter of the khan/leader.

11. Czar ‘Ivan the Terrible’ adds Siberia to Russia. Siberia contains many resources including oil and diamonds

12. E. Peter the Great ruled from 1682-1721. He founded the city of St. Petersburg as a “Window to the West” and tried to modernize Russia Summarize

13. F. Catherine the Great During her reign, she expanded the Russian Empire to the Black Sea in search of a warm water port for winter shipping. Summarize

14. Peter the Great added the Baltic Sea and Pacific Rim areas to Russian territory. Catherine the Great expanded Russia to include the Black Sea region. Peter Cath. Peter Cath.

15. G.Russia’s economy changes to communism, politics to dictatorship The Russia Revolution of 1917 led to the creation of the USSR in 1921. The Soviet Union/USSR was the world’s first communist economy. The first Soviet leader was Vladimir Lenin. He had Russia’s Czar Nicholas II and his family executed during World War I. Summarize

16. Communism’s characteristics Definition > The Government/State –plans and operates all production (The ‘5 year plan’) –owns all means of production (factory, equipment) –Gives rewards to factory managers for meeting government quotas People serve the government RULES are most important, NOT CONSUMERS Summarize

17. From 1920 until 1989, the Soviet Union continued to spread its communist influence and added territory in central Asia. Read only

18. Summarize Communist countries Today include > CHINA NORTH KOREA VIETNAM CUBA

19. H. The end of Soviet Communism 1991 The last leader of the USSR was Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev tried to reform the communist system in the 80’s using glasnost’ and ‘perestroyka’ Summarize

20. Gorbachev’s Policies Glasnost - the policy of openness in the government  transparency (see through like ‘glass’ in the activities of all government institutions  the freedom of information Perestroika – Economic reforms Summarize

21. Fall of Communism Reason #1 – Soviet Union runs out of money. Why??? - Rapid industrialization = expensive - Fighting/funding wars to spread communism = expensive - The negative economic effects of communism (5 year plans do not keep up with international trade flows) Summarize

22. Directions: on your paper, complete the vocabulary task below and turn it in before class is over today. COMMUNISM 2. Definition  (Look in your notes) 3. How is life in Communist Russia different from life in Imperial Russia? (Write a 3 sentence answer.) 4. Sketch what Communism in the USSR would look like (economics, culture, politics….)

23. Task Sketch two examples of how the economic effects of communism caused the Soviet Union to run out of money.

24. I. Ethnic conflict within Russia Russia is composed of 21 states. Some of those states, like Chechnya, are having ethnic conflicts and want to be independent countries. Summarize

25. The end of Soviet Communism 1980’s….. 1. Soviets invade Afghanistan – to support the Communist government in the Afghan Civil War with money, soldiers and weapons. 2. Russians were sick of Communism’s negative effects – Stalin’s Purges, Industrialization at all costs Summarize

26. The TROIKA Region Video ( Troika means 3!) Watch the video and fill in answers on your paper… 1.List the 3 parts of the ‘Troika’. 2.List at least 5 facts about the physical and environmental aspects of this region 3.List at least 10 facts regarding the history of the Troika region with emphasis on >Russian Empire >Soviet Union/USSR >Russian Federation