1. M A I N

2. M ilitarism Policy of building up military forces and weapons (threatening armed aggression)  Naval race taking place between Britain and Germany in the first decade of the 20 th century which increased the danger of war  Britain has a strong navy (“ruled the waves” - largest fleet of ships in the world – followed the general rule that its fleet would be 10% larger than the combination of the next two strongest nations)  Britain had the dreadnought, a heavily armed battleship that travels 37km/hr. Britain had 29 by 1914  Why? To protect British Isles and colonies

3. Militarism cont’dMilitarism cont’d  Germany had been growing in strength since the mid 19 th century (defeated Austria-Hungary and France) and was also gaining in strength as a result of rapid industrialization  German leader, Kaiser Wilhelm, wants to expand Germany beyond European border by acquiring colonies.  This requires building its own fleet  built 17 by 1914 almost rivaling Britain

4. A lliances  Old alliances are shifting  Triple Entente – England, France, and Russia (a response to the rise in power of Germany). Agreed if any member of the alliance was attacked, the other countries would aid  Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

5. I mperialism  “The extension of one nation’s authority or control over other lands by economic, political, or military means.” These other lands became colonies.  The British empire was impressive – 25% of the world flew under the Union Jack, largely the result of its strong nation  Advantages of imperialism – i) economic – colonies provide raw materials, mother country takes these raw material for their industries and exports manufactured goods

6. I mperialism  Many European countries had colonies:  France – North Africa, Indochina  Portugal – East Indies  Belgium – Africa  Germany – started late, have a few colonies in Africa, wants more and shows some aggression in Africa

8. Imperialism – Africa 1913Imperialism – Africa 1913

9. N ationalism  Nationalism – strong sense of pride in one’s country, belief country is destined for greatness and superior to others

10. Nationalism  Late 19 th and early 20 th centuries a period of rising nationalism  European countries want the biggest armies and navies and most colonies

11. Nationalism  Germany  jealous of Britain’s power and believed Britain was purposely restricting it from expanding (taking over colonies) and becoming more powerful  Believed Germany was the natural leader of Europe, it had a strong economy (industrialization) and powerful army  Anticipating war and developing plans

12. N ationalism  France  Was suspicious of Britain and had a strained relationship (fought wars in the past, colonies bordered each other), believed Britain was arrogant  Tense relationship with Germany as well (Germany defeated France in the Franco-Prussian war 1870)  Lost two provinces (Alsace and Lorraine) and wanted revenge  Like Germany anticipating war and developing military plans

13. N ationalism  Russia  Size was intimidating but weak, corrupt leadership  Wanted to prove its power and strength by expanding borders in Asia  Defended fellow Slavs and warned Austria not to interfere in slavic states  Seeking alliance with Britain

14. N ationalism  Other Powers  Italy  a recent independent state, believed it was destined for greatness and resented the power of Britain and France, especially when trying to establish its own colonies  Austria-Hungary  Many groups wanted to be independent from Austria (Czechs, Slavic minorities) and Austria wants to ally with Germany to deal with these challenges

15. The Spark Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand  Tension in Balkan states  Serbia and Bosnia had broken away from Turkey  Bosnia was immediately taken over by Austia-Hungary  Serbian became an independent state –looked for an alliance with Russia. Russia swore it would stand by Serbia in time of need  Serbian nationalists were unhappy that Bosnia had been taken over by Austria-Hungary and want Bosnia to be part of Serbia **Note Austria-Hungary in alliance with Germany (Triple Alliance) while Russia was allied with Britain and France (Triple Entente)

16. The SparkThe Spark

17.  Crown prince of Austria, Archduke France Ferdinand, and his wife, Countess Sophia, visited Sarajevo (capital city of Bosnia), to inspect troops there.  Young Serbian conspirators planned to assassinate the Prince.

18.  http://www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-war- i#causes-of-world-war-i http://www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-war- i#causes-of-world-war-i

19. The SparkThe Spark  After the Archduke was assassinated, Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia  Russia, as an ally of Serbia, declared war on Austria- Hungary  Germany, as an ally of Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia  Germany, knowing that France was an ally of Russia, began to attack France

20.  WWI had Begun!!!