1. Before the Mongols they created a series of nomadic empires and controlled major trade routes Why were there no pastoral societies in the Americas? They sought food stuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items from agricultural societies. Why was Mongol rule different in China and Persia than Russia? Caused the breakdown of serfdom as people started to pay employees to work agriculture 3 rd wave of civilization, Arabs, Persians and Turks converted too ___? Prior to_____, the Mongol tribes were divided into clans and had no unity. They provided a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce After Mongol rule in Persia collapsed, most Mongols ____

2. pastoral societies This location lacked animals that cold be domesticated Pastoral societies Mongols did not occupy Russia The Black Death Islam Chinggis Khan Mongols Assimilated into Persian society

3. Mongol rule in Russia saw a shift in power from Kiev to ____ Mongol attitude toward other religions They practice of “firestick farming” What did the Igbo people in West Africa have in common with the Iroquois League in North America? Largest pastoral society in West Africa in the fifteenth century 14 th and 15 th century. War between England and France The Safavid Empire made ___ an official religion in the 16 th century. It established unified control over most of the Indian peninsula In order to make ___ on a massive scale, the Aztecs attacked and captured their neighbors.

4. Moscow Religious tolerance toward all religions A way to settle disputes Fulbe Hundreds Year War Shia Islam Mughal Empire Sacrifices Australia

5. The Inca and Aztec empires practiced similar gender- based systems in which women and men operated in two separate but equivalent spheres 15 th century – hunters and gatherers -They had obtained knowledge from outsiders - Outrigger canoe, fish hooks, complex netting, artistic styles, rituals, and mythological practices No agriculture practiced Lived east of Niger River in forest region- 15 th century Neighbors Yoruba and Bini had developed small states and urban centers Igbo rejected kingship and state building Alliance or confederation 5 Iroquois speaking people Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca-Great Law of Peace Five nations agreed to settle differences peacefully West Africa’s largest pastoral people -Lived in small communities among agriculture people -Paid grazing fees and taxes Movement east they adopted Islam 19 th century these people launched jihads which gave rise to new states China 1368-1644 After Mongol Empire, Mongol dress, names were forbidden Rise of Confucianism He sailed for China, visiting Southeast Asia, Indonesia, India, Arabia, and East Africa He attempted to have foreign states take part in the tribute system 1469-1527 wrote the Prince – about how politics really worked

6. gender parallelism Australia IroquoisFulbeMing Dynasty Forbidden City Zheng He Niccolo Marchiavelli Igbo

7. 1497 ____ first European to sail west around the tip of Africa to India The Safavid was created to impose the ____version of Islam as official religion of state 1465-1492 thought to render his soldiers invisible successor made the pilgrimage to Mecca Caliph of the Land of the Blacks - Songhay became a Muslim state Together the 4 Muslum empires, Ottoman, Safavid, Songhay and Mughal brought prosperity to the Islamic world – Capital city Tenochtitlan claimed to be descendants of the Toltec and Teotihuacan -Population 5-6 million Emperor son of the god Inti, Road building across the empire, Terrace farming Nomads who lived in Mongolian steppes north of China -Penetrated Chinese territory -3 rd & 2 nd century BCE created a very large military confederacy 11 th and 12 th century centered in Persia and present day Iraq Turk rulers claimed the title Sultan, Invaded India, Anatolia, Created the Ottoman Empire by 1500 was a great power in Eurasia Khubilai Khan Grandson of Chinggis Khan 1271-1294 Improved roads, Built canals Supported peasant agriculture- created the __ Dynasty.

8. Vasco da Gama Shia “second flowering of Islam” Aztecs Incans Xiongnu Seljuk Empire Yuan Sonni Ali