1. The Internet and World Wide Web
Chapter 2
The Internet and World Wide Web

2. Objectives Discuss how the Internet works
Understand ways to access the Internet
Identify a URL
Describe the uses of e-commerce
Identify the tools required for Web publishing
Explain how , FTP, newsgroups and message
boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant
messaging work

3. The Internet or the Net
A collection of computers and other devices connected together via communications
Modems
Cables
Telephone lines
Satellites
A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

4. The Services on the Internet
instant messaging
Web
file transfer
message board
chat

5. History of the Internet
APRANET
ARPANET: Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
Goals:
To allow scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects
To function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed
Became functional in 1969

6. ARPANET A host node or a host
Any computer that directly connects to a network
Often stores and transfers data and messages
Provides network connections for other computers
Four original nodes on ARPANET
UCLA
UC – Santa Barbara
Stanford Research Institute
University of Utah

7. How has this network grown?
1969: Four host nodes
1984: More than 1,000 host nodes
2004: More than 100 million host nodes

8. NSFnet + APRANET = The Internet
What is NSFnet?
The National Science Foundation’s network
Five supercomputer centers
Connected to ARPANET in 1986
NSFnet + APRANET = The Internet

9. Who provides the structure for the Internet today?
Networks from corporations, commercial firms, and other companies
Telephone companies
Cable companies
Satellite companies
Government

10. Who controls the Internet?
The Internet is a public, cooperative, and independent network
No single entity controls or owns the Internet
Several organizations advise and define standards
W3C – oversees research and sets standards and guidelines
Internet 2 – develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

11. Internet service provider (ISP)
A business that has a permanent Internet connection
Provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee
Regional ISP - Provides access to the Internet through one or more telephone numbers local to a specific geographic location
National ISP - Provides local telephone numbers in most major cities and towns nationwide

12. How can you connect to the Internet?
High speed connection
Connect to service provider through a high-speed connection line leased from local telephone company
Dial-up access
Computer, modem, regular telephone line
Dial into an ISP
Newer high-speed technologies
DSL
Cable modem

13. Three parts of an Internet connection
Server
Computer that manages the resources on a network
Provides a centralized storage area for resources
Also called a host computer
Client
Computer that can access the contents of the storage area on the server
Backbone
Inner structure of the Internet
Communications lines that carry the heaviest amount of traffic

14. Internet protocol (IP) address
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
Four groups of numbers, each separated by a period
Number in each group is between 0 and 255

15. What is a domain name? Text version of an IP address
Components are separated by periods
Each domain name represents one or more IP addresses

16. A top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation
Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain
Sometimes called dot com when TLD is com

17. What systems control domain names?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Group that assigns and controls TLDs
Domain name system (DNS)
stores the domain names and their corresponding IP addresses
DNS server
Translates the domain name into its associated IP address

18. World Wide Web (WWW) or the Web
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Each document on the Web is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, sound, and video
Can contain built-in connections to other documents
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

19. What is a Web browser?
Software program that allows you to access and view Web pages
Some popular browsers
Firefox (47.4%)
Internet Explorer (39.3%)
Chrome (7%)
Safari (3.3%)

20. Can take from a few seconds to several minutes
What is downloading?
The process of receiving information, such as a Web page, onto your computer from a server on the Internet
Can take from a few seconds to several minutes

21. What is a hyperlink? Also called a link
Built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page
Allows you to obtain information in a nonlinear way

22. How can you identify a link?
Link can be a word, phrase, or image
Text links usually are underlined or in a color different from the rest of the document
A graphical link may change its appearance when you point to it
The shape of the pointer on the screen changes to a small hand with a pointing index finger when you position it on a link or point to the link
Click the link to activate it

23. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Browser retrieves a Web page by using the URL
Also called a Web address
address text box

24. What are the parts of a URL?
filename
path
protocol
domain name
Click to view Web Link
then click URLs
Next
p Fig. 2-10

25. What is a search engine?
A software program you can use to find Web sites, Web pages and Internet files

26. What is a portal Web page
Often called a portal
Offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location

27. What services are often found on a portal?
search engine
sports and weather
stock quotes
newsgroups or message boards
local , national, and worldwide news
instant messaging
reference tools
maps
free personal Web pages
chat rooms
shopping malls and auctions
calendars

28. A Graphic on the Web A digital representation of information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph

29. What is audio? What is MP3? Music, speech, or any other sound
A popular technology that compresses audio
Reduces an audio file to about one- tenth of its original size
Streaming audio
enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads

30. What is video?
Consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds
Most video also has accompanying audio
MPEG standard: Video files that you must download completely before you can play them on the computer
Streaming video: allows you to view live video images as they download
RealVideo
Windows Media Player

31. What is electronic commerce?
A business transaction that occurs over the Internet
B2C: Sale of goods to the general public
B2B: Businesses providing goods and services to other businesses

32. What are some features of e-commerce?
Electronic storefront
The place where a customer visits an online business
Shopping cart
Allows the customer to collect purchases

33. Web page authoring HTML (hypertext markup language)
A set of special codes that format a file for use as a Web page
Created with either:
Word processing package
Web page authoring software

34. What is a plug-in?
An additional program that extends the capability of a browser

35. Upload, or copy, the site to the Web server
How do you deploy a Web site?
Locate a Web server to store your site
Provided by many ISPs at no additional cost
Provided by a Web hosting service for a monthly fee
Upload, or copy, the site to the Web server

36. What is ?
The transmission of messages and files via a computer network
Use an program to work with messages
create
send
forward
store
print
receive
delete

37. What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
An Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet File Transfer Protocol

38. What is instant messaging (IM)?
A real-time Internet communications service
Notifies you when one or more people are online
Allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat with them