1. Economy Grid: A New e-Paradigm for Grid/Internet Computing GAURAV GUNJAN JHA Email:- crazytitan05@rediffmail.com BTECH/COMP.SCIENCE BIT MESRA, INDIA

2. What is Grid ?  An infrastructure that couples: – Computers (PCs, workstations, clusters, traditional supercomputers, and even laptops, notebooks, mobile computers, PDA, and so on) … – Software ? (e.g., ASPs renting expensive special purpose applications on demand) – Catalogued Data/Databases (e.g., transparent access to human genome database) – Special Instruments (e.g., radio telescope-- SETI@Home Searching for Life in galaxy, Austrophysics@Swinburne for pulsars) – People/collaborators (even animals who knows ?)  and offers a simple, consistent, dependable, & pervasive access across (local/wide-area) networks to present them as an unified integrated resource.

3. Who pays for all this ? Any Incentive for GRID resource owners ? GUSTO Distributed ASCI Supercomputer NASA IPG

4. Building of a “brokerage” system….. Foundation for the Grid Economy

5. Economy Grid: GRACE Gr id A rchitecture for C omputational E conomy  GRACE aims help Nimrod/G overcome the current limitations.  GRACE middleware offer generic interfaces (APIs) that other developers of grid tools can use along with Globus services.

6. Why Computational Economy in Resource Management ? “Observe Grid characteristics and current resource management policies”  Grid resources are not owned by user or single organisation.  They have their own administrative policy  Mismatch in resource demand and supply – overall resource demand may exceed supply.  Markets are an effective institution in coordinating the activities of several entities.  Traditional System-centric (performance matrix approaches does not suit in grid environment. – System-Centric --> User Centric  Like in real life, economic-based approach is one of the best ways to regulate selection and scheduling on the grid as it captures user-intent.

7. Advantages of Economic-based RM  Helps in regulating demand and supply – resource access cost can fluctuate (based on demand and supply and system can adapt)  Scalable Solution – No need of central coordinator (during negotiation) – Resources(sellers) and also Users(buyers) can make their own decisions and try to maximize utility and profit.  Uniform Treatment of all Resources – Everything can can be traded including CPU, Mem, Net, Storage/Disk, other devices/instruments – Efficient allocation of resources

8. Grid Node N Grid Node 2 Computational Market Model for Grid Resource Management Grid User Application Grid Resource Broker Grid Resource/Control Domains Grid Explorer Schedule Advisor Trade Manager Job Control Agent Deployment Agent Trade Server Resource Allocation Resource Reservation R1R1 Other services Grid Information Server(s) R2R2 RmRm … Charging Alg. Accounting Grid Node1 … Trading Grid Middleware … Info ? … Jobs Health Monitor

9. Grid Open Trading Protocols Get Connected Call for Bid(DT) Reply to Bid (DT) Negotiate Deal(DT) Confirm Deal(DT, Y/N) …. Cancel Deal(DT) Change Deal(DT) Get Disconnected Trade ManagerTrade Server Pricing Rules DT - Deal Template - resource requirements (BM) - resource profile (BS) - price (any one can set) - status - change the above values - negotiation can continue - accept/decline - validity period API

19. Nimrod/G Resource Broker Nimrod/G Approach to Resource Management and Scheduling

20.  A global scheduler for managing and steering task farming (parametric simulation) applications on computational grid based on deadline and computational economy.  Key Features – A single window to manage & control experiment – Resource Discovery – Trade for Resources – Scheduling – Steering & data management  It allows to study the behaviour of some of the output variables against a range of different input scenarios. What is Nimrod/G ?

21. A Nimrod/G Client CostDeadline Legion hosts Globus Hosts Bezek is in both Globus and Legion Domains

22. Conclude with a comparison with the Electrical Grid……….. Where we are ????

23. Alessandro Volta in Paris in 1801 inside France National Institute shows the battery at the presence of Napoleon I Fresco by N. Cianfanelli (1841) (Zoological Section "La Specula" of National History Museum of Florence University)

24. ….and in the future, I imagine a worldwide Power (Electrical) Grid …... What ?!?! This is a mad man… Oh, mon Dieu !

25. 2000 - 1801 = 199 Years

26. What will be the dominant grid approach in the next future ??

27. Trends It is very difficult to predict the future and this is particular true in a field such as Information Technology “ I think there is a world market for about five computers.” Thomas J. Watson Sr., IBM Founder, 1943

28. Trends The time is exciting but the way is hard and long…. GRID

29. Conclusions  The Emergence of Internet as a Powerful connectivity media is bridging the gap between a number of technologies leading to what is known as “Everything on IP”.  Cluster-based systems have become a platform of choice for mainstream computing.  A number of GRID project world-wide have been presented to explore computing trend!  Economic based approach to resource management is the way to go in the grid environment.  Both sequential and parallel applications run seamless on desktops, SMPs, Clusters, and the Grid without any change.  Grid: A Next Generation Internet ?

30. Thank You For giving me A patient hearing !!!! Thank You For giving me A patient hearing !!!!