1. FNI 1B 1 The Nano Scale of Things

2. FNI 1B2 Why nano? The nanometer scale is where the sciences come together: Physics Biology Chemistry New properties begin to emerge at the nanoscale.

3. FNI 1B3 Metric System is made up of: Basic units Metric Prefixes Derived units

4. FNI 1B4 Metric System Physical PropertyMetric Units (abbreviation) LengthMeters (m) Mass (Weight)Grams (g) TimeSeconds (s) Temperature˚Centigrade (˚C) Electric CurrentAmperes (A) VolumeLiter (L)

5. FNI 1B5 Metric Prefixes Prefix, abbreviation MeansPower of 10 Giga, G Mega, M kilo, k centi, c milli, m micro, µ nano, n 1 billion 1 million 1 thousand 1/100 1/1,000 1/1,000,000 1/1,000,000,000 10 9 10 6 10 3 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9

6. FNI 1B6 Common Metric System Units centimeter, cm millimeter, mm kilometer, km kilogram, kg cubic centimeter, cc

7. FNI 1B7 Unit Factor Conversion 100 cm = 1 m Every equality gives two conversion factors written as fractions. 100 cm 1 m100 cm 1 m

8. FNI 1B8 Unit Factor Conversion 200 cm = ? m Choose the factor that will cancel the original units. 100 cm 1 m100 cm 1 m 200 cm x =m 100 cm 1 m

9. FNI 1B9 Unit Factor Conversion Unit factor conversion is the method used to convert from one set of units to another. To convert from one to another we need a “unit factor”, something equal to 1. 1 m = 10 9 nm This results in two conversion factors written as fractions: 1 m 10 9 nm1 m 10 9 nm and http://blowers.chee.arizona.edu/cooking/units.html

10. FNI 1B10 Scientific Notation 2.998 x 10 8 m/s Scientific notation is written as a product of a decimal number and a power of 10. Scientific notation will have one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point.

11. FNI 1B11 Scientific Constants Speed of Light c = 2.998 x 10 8 m/s Planck’s constanth = 6.626068 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s Boltzmann’s constantk B = 1.3807 x 10 -23 J/K Gas constantR = 8.3145 J/(mol K)

12. FNI 1B12 Measurements -57.8 kcal/mol Three parts to a measurement: Value -57.8 Magnitudecombined with units k Units kcal/mol

13. FNI 1B13 Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Decimal Point Digits 0-9 Clears the last number entered All clear – clears calculation Turns on the calculator Display Tells what number your calculations equals. Registers

14. FNI 1B14 Changes the sign Used to enter scientific notation Sometimes EE Used to get the yellow functions Square and Square root button Exponentiation button Don’t confuse with scientific notation Parentheses control priority Log 10 and antilog 10 Don’t confuse this with scientific notation Memory recall and store Easy fraction button Trig functions Close parentheses and invert button Natural log and anti log (Euler’s constant)

15. FNI 1B15 Calculator Practice Use the EE/EXP button Do with EE or EXP 5 x 10 2 = 10 x 10 3 = 1 x 10 3 = 2 x 10 -3 = 10 3 = 10 3 x 10 1 = Do with 10 x button 5 x 10 2 = 10 x 10 3 = 1 x 10 3 = 2 x 10 -3 = 10 3 = 10 3 x 10 1 = You should get the same answers

16. FNI 1B16 Common Unit Conversions used in Nanoscience 1 m = 100 cm 1 m = 1,000 mm 1 m = 1,000,000 μm = 10 6 μm 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm = 10 9 nm 1 m = 10,000,000,000 Å = 10 10 Å 1 cm = 10 7 nm 1 cm = 10 8 Å 1 mm = 1,000 μm 1 μm = 1,000 nm 1 μm = 10,000 Å

17. FNI 1B17 Reading a Vernier Scale

18. FNI 1B18 http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/Scale_of_Things_07OCT03.pdf

19. FNI 1B19

20. FNI 1B20 Example Magnification = 100 X Feature size = 10 cm What is the actual size in cm? What is the actual size in m? What is the actual size in microns?

21. FNI 1B21 Unit Factor Conversion Examples: Convert 650 nm to μm Convert 20 nm to angstroms Convert 2000 Å to μm

22. FNI 1B22 Scale of Things Lab http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

23. FNI 1B23