1. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by This session will look at the impacts on response of climatic seasons, available human capacity and funding cycles Seasons, capacity and funding Vietnam, 2000

2. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Session objectives The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: 1.seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation 2.capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time 3.funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies !

3. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Session objectives The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: 1.seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation 2.capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time 3.funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies !

4. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Aim: seasons To ensure that the impact of seasons upon the affected populations as well as shelter and construction activities are foreseen and taken into account

5. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Seasons: factors to consider Affected populations and operations are particularly vulnerable to seasonal weather extremes Seasonal factors to consider include: cyclones - can prevent building work and damage transitional settlements cold winters - populations may need additional NFIs to improve thermal comfort and snow can prevent access to remote areas hot summers - may limit access to water for construction rainy seasons and monsoons - can slow on-site construction works and flooding may prevent access to remote locations

6. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Seasons: scheduling of construction Each region has its own construction seasons, for example between monsoons or winters year 3year 4year 2year 1 time Shelter NFIs for reconstruction Shelter NFIs for transitional settlement good construction seasons need disaster Indonesia, 2005

7. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Seasons: impact on affected populations Seasons impact on affected populations in a number of ways including the following: the types of hazards people face – eg, floods and storms the performance required of buildings and settlements accessibility of sites, including the transport of materials the type of materials available – eg, straw for thatch construction techniques that can be undertaken – eg, mud bricks cannot be made in the rainy season as they will not dry the availability of local labour – eg, in farming communities the harvest will take priority over building projects

8. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Session objectives The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: 1.seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation 2.capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time 3.funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies !

9. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Aim: capacity To ensure that sufficient and appropriate capacity is available to undertake the transitional settlement and reconstruction needed for each phase of response

10. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by The affected population’s capacity for construction is initially small as they are occupied with survival. They later have a large capacity which will slowly decrease as livelihoods are resumed Capacity: affected population capacity matches demand survival, search and rescue reduce capacity from construction Capacity of the affected population capacity interrupted by harvests need time Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction Shelter NFIs for transitional settlement disaster

11. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Capacity: construction industry The capacity of the local construction industry initially decreases and then increases as services, utilities and material supplies are re-established capacity matches demand capacity decrease caused by: disruption to access and utilities disruption to material supply disruption to workforce Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement time need Capacity of available construction industry disaster Capacity will increase to meet demand

12. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Capacity: government Government capacity for planning and regulating construction will increase with the establishment of a task force and will then decrease over time in line with need creation of task force handover to line ministries timedisaster need Shelter NFI’s for reconstruction Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement Government capacity for planning and regulating construction

13. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Capacity: international community Humanitarian community capacity will have an initial peak for Search And Rescue (SAR) This is followed by emergency response and then the larger, longer term, main agency capacity assessment and emergency response Search And Rescue (SAR) Main international community response timedisaster need Shelter NFI’s for transitional reconstruction Shelter NFI’s for transitional settlement

14. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Capacity: Owner and contactor driven ‘Owner driven’ reconstruction is where the eventual owners and occupiers of buildings: - remain in control of the type and implementation of works undertaken - are supported in managing external inputs of labour and materials as resources ‘Owner driven’ is not the same as ‘self-help’ or community labour

15. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Capacity: Owner and contactor driven the affected population may have insufficient capacity or skill vulnerable individuals and groups may require assistance contractors may be able to better implement hazard mitigation measures, such as seismic resistant construction most vernacular building involves paid labour for some activities a sustainable change is required in the construction industry in order that populations may better manage risk ‘Contractor driven’ reconstruction is perceived as negative when contracts awarded do not involve and represent beneficiaries The following points may be useful in clarifying for non-specialists that owner driven reconstruction may involve contractors:

16. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by p Session objectives The key learning objectives of this session are to form an understanding of: 1.seasons: the ways in which seasonal variations affect planning and implementation 2.capacity: how capacity for construction varies between stakeholders over time 3.funding: the ways in which funding varies over time and between different funding bodies ! 176

17. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Aim: funding To take into account the effect of funding cycles on constructional requirements and allowing effective project management. To ensure equitable support is provided to all effected groups regardless of: vulnerability or prejudice geographic origin if they are displaced or non-displaced if they are land owners, tenants or without land rights

18. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Funding: cycles Post-disaster funding comes from a number of different sources, each with their own cycles and response patterns emergency contingency funds public appeals Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) bilateral donations to agencies International Financial Institutions (IFIs) time amount Government funds disaster

19. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Funding: cycles It is very rare for construction seasons to coincide with operational requirements and funding cycles Mapping each cycle enables forward planning and critical path analysis year 3year 4year 2year 1 seasons funding capacity

20. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Discussion A. general points B. mitigation measures Key point seasons, capacities Each group will have 10 minutes: Group 1: seasons and construction Group 2: government capacity Group 3: construction capacity Group 4: humanitarian capacity Group 5: funding capacity Each group will consider: A.Which general points were not discussed? B.What mitigation measures exist? Each group agrees a key point Discussion in groups