1. Early Onset of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder l Premorbid history l Attention problems l Social impairment l Language abnormalities

2. Schizophrenia Biologic Etiology l Neuropathology in structure, function, and neurotransmitters, especially in temporal and frontal regions l Language impairment l Neurocognitive impairment l Intra uterine stress l Genetic diathesis

4. Schizophrenia Psychosocial Etiology l Communication deviance l Life events and stress

5. Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis l Bipolar Disorder l ADHD l Conduct Disorder l PTSD l PDD

6. Schizophrenia Prognosis l Poor - early onset, neurologic abnormalities, negative symptoms l Good - higher IQ, precipitant

7. Psychopharmacology for Children and Adolescents l Stimulants l Antidepressants l Mood stabilizers

8. Psychopharmacology for Children and Adolescents ( Cont’d ) l Neuroleptics l Minor tranquilizers l Adrenergic agonists

9. Attention Deficit Disorder Decision Tree Inattention Impulsivity bupropion clonidine tricyclic SSRI Combinations Mood Stabilizers Buspar Beta blockers Methylphenidate Dextroamphetamine

10. Stimulants l Methylphenidate (Ritalin) l Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) l Adderall l Magnesium pemoline (Cylert)

11. Antidepressants for ADHD l Fluoxetine (Prozac) l Bupropion (Wellbutrin) l Venlafaxine (Effexor) l Tricyclics

12. Other Treatments for ADHD l Alpha-adrenergic stimulating agents l Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

13. Depression Decision Tree NoradrenergicSerotoninergic Bupropion Venlafaxine Remeron Stimulants B-blockers SSRI BuSpa r Valproate Carbamazepine Lithium

14. Treatment of Psychosis l Atypical neuroleptics l Risperidone l Olanzapine l Quetiapine l Mood stabilizers l Valproate l Lithium l Carbamazepine

15. “Ideally, one would like to practice medicine without having to bother with actual patients.”

16. Other Treatment Modalities for Neurodevelopmental Disorders l Social skills training l Stress management l Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) l School Accommodation l Specialized neuropsychological approaches l Family structure and support l Psychotherapy