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Introduction Chapter 1 Uses of Computer Networks Business ApplicationsBusiness Applications Home ApplicationsHome Applications Mobile.

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction Chapter 1 Uses of Computer Networks Business ApplicationsBusiness Applications Home ApplicationsHome Applications Mobile."— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction Chapter 1 1edin@stmik-mdp.net

2 Uses of Computer Networks Business ApplicationsBusiness Applications Home ApplicationsHome Applications Mobile UsersMobile Users Social IssuesSocial Issues 2edin@stmik-mdp.net

3 Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server. 3edin@stmik-mdp.net

4 Business Applications of Networks (2) The client-server model involves requests and replies. 4edin@stmik-mdp.net

5 Home Network Applications Access to remote informationAccess to remote information Person-to-person communicationPerson-to-person communication Interactive entertainmentInteractive entertainment Electronic commerceElectronic commerce 5edin@stmik-mdp.net

6 Home Network Applications (2) In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers. 6edin@stmik-mdp.net

7 Home Network Applications (3) Some forms of e-commerce. 7edin@stmik-mdp.net

8 Mobile Network Users Combinations of wireless networks and mobile computing. 8edin@stmik-mdp.net

9 Network Hardware Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks Wireless NetworksWireless Networks Home NetworksHome Networks InternetworksInternetworks 9edin@stmik-mdp.net

10 Broadcast Networks Types of transmission technology Broadcast linksBroadcast links Point-to-point linksPoint-to-point links 10edin@stmik-mdp.net

11 Broadcast Networks (2) Classification of interconnected processors by scale. 11edin@stmik-mdp.net

12 Local Area Networks Two broadcast networks (a) Bus (b) Ring 12edin@stmik-mdp.net

13 Metropolitan Area Networks A metropolitan area network based on cable TV. 13edin@stmik-mdp.net

14 Wide Area Networks Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet. 14edin@stmik-mdp.net

15 Wide Area Networks (2) A stream of packets from sender to receiver. 15edin@stmik-mdp.net

16 Wireless Networks Categories of wireless networks: System interconnectionSystem interconnection Wireless LANsWireless LANs Wireless WANsWireless WANs 16edin@stmik-mdp.net

17 Wireless Networks (2) (a) Bluetooth configuration (b) Wireless LAN 17edin@stmik-mdp.net

18 Wireless Networks (3) (a) Individual mobile computers (b) A flying LAN 18edin@stmik-mdp.net

19 Home Network Categories Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripheralsComputers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3)Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3) Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax)Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax) Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco)Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco) Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam). 19edin@stmik-mdp.net

20 Network Software Protocol HierarchiesProtocol Hierarchies Design Issues for the LayersDesign Issues for the Layers Connection-Oriented and Connectionless ServicesConnection-Oriented and Connectionless Services Service PrimitivesService Primitives The Relationship of Services to ProtocolsThe Relationship of Services to Protocols 20edin@stmik-mdp.net

21 Network Software Protocol Hierarchies Layers, protocols, and interfaces. 21edin@stmik-mdp.net

22 Protocol Hierarchies (2) The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture. 22edin@stmik-mdp.net

23 Protocol Hierarchies (3) Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5. 23edin@stmik-mdp.net

24 Design Issues for the Layers AddressingAddressing Error ControlError Control Flow ControlFlow Control MultiplexingMultiplexing RoutingRouting 24edin@stmik-mdp.net

25 Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services Six different types of service. 25edin@stmik-mdp.net

26 Service Primitives Five service primitives for implementing a simple connection- oriented service. 26edin@stmik-mdp.net

27 Service Primitives (2) Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network. 27edin@stmik-mdp.net

28 Services to Protocols Relationship The relationship between a service and a protocol. 28edin@stmik-mdp.net

29 Reference Models The OSI Reference ModelThe OSI Reference Model The TCP/IP Reference ModelThe TCP/IP Reference Model A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IPA Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP A Critique of the OSI Model and ProtocolsA Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference ModelA Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model 29edin@stmik-mdp.net

30 Reference Models The OSI reference model. 30edin@stmik-mdp.net

31 Reference Models (2) The TCP/IP reference model. 31edin@stmik-mdp.net

32 Reference Models (3) Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially. 32edin@stmik-mdp.net

33 Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models Concepts central to the OSI model ServicesServices InterfacesInterfaces ProtocolsProtocols 33edin@stmik-mdp.net

34 A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols Why OSI did not take over the world Bad timingBad timing Bad technologyBad technology Bad implementationsBad implementations Bad politicsBad politics 34edin@stmik-mdp.net

35 Bad Timing The apocalypse of the two elephants. 35edin@stmik-mdp.net

36 A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model Problems: Service, interface, and protocol not distinguishedService, interface, and protocol not distinguished Not a general modelNot a general model Host-to-network “layer” not really a layerHost-to-network “layer” not really a layer No mention of physical and data link layersNo mention of physical and data link layers Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replaceMinor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replace 36edin@stmik-mdp.net

37 Hybrid Model The hybrid reference model to be used in this book. 37edin@stmik-mdp.net

38 Example Networks The InternetThe Internet Connection-Oriented Networks: X.25, Frame Relay, and ATMConnection-Oriented Networks: X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM EthernetEthernet Wireless LANs: 802:11Wireless LANs: 802:11 38edin@stmik-mdp.net

39 The ARPANET (a) Structure of the telephone system. (b) Baran’s proposed distributed switching system. 39edin@stmik-mdp.net

40 The ARPANET (2) The original ARPANET design. 40edin@stmik-mdp.net

41 The ARPANET (3) Growth of the ARPANET (a) December 1969. (b) July 1970. (c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) September 1972. 41edin@stmik-mdp.net

42 NSFNET The NSFNET backbone in 1988. 42edin@stmik-mdp.net

43 Internet Usage Traditional applications (1970 – 1990) E-mailE-mail NewsNews Remote loginRemote login File transferFile transfer 43edin@stmik-mdp.net

44 Architecture of the Internet Overview of the Internet. 44edin@stmik-mdp.net

45 ATM Virtual Circuits A virtual circuit. 45edin@stmik-mdp.net

46 ATM Virtual Circuits (2) An ATM cell. 46edin@stmik-mdp.net

47 The ATM Reference Model The ATM reference model. 47edin@stmik-mdp.net

48 The ATM Reference Model (2) The ATM layers and sublayers and their functions. 48edin@stmik-mdp.net

49 Ethernet Architecture of the original Ethernet. 49edin@stmik-mdp.net

50 Wireless LANs (a) Wireless networking with a base station. (b) Ad hoc networking. 50edin@stmik-mdp.net

51 Wireless LANs (2) The range of a single radio may not cover the entire system. 51edin@stmik-mdp.net

52 Wireless LANs (3) A multicell 802.11 network. 52edin@stmik-mdp.net

53 Network Standardization Who’s Who in the Telecommunications WorldWho’s Who in the Telecommunications World Who’s Who in the International Standards WorldWho’s Who in the International Standards World Who’s Who in the Internet Standards WorldWho’s Who in the Internet Standards World 53edin@stmik-mdp.net

54 ITU Main sectorsMain sectors RadiocommunicationsRadiocommunications Telecommunications StandardizationTelecommunications Standardization DevelopmentDevelopment Classes of MembersClasses of Members National governmentsNational governments Sector membersSector members Associate membersAssociate members Regulatory agenciesRegulatory agencies 54edin@stmik-mdp.net

55 IEEE 802 Standards The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The ones marked with  are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up. 55edin@stmik-mdp.net

56 Metric Units The principal metric prefixes. 56edin@stmik-mdp.net

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