2. Tiffany Christian EDUC 7101-2 Diffusion and Integration of Technology Walden University

3. Mobile devices are small portable handheld devices such as smartphones, PDAs, iPods, iPads, netbooks, gaming devices, and eReaders.

4.  Laptops/ Netbooks  capable of viewing and editing video, pictures, or audio  create a variety of presentations  video conferencing tools such as microphones and webcams  office productivity applications  web-based cloud computing programs

5.  Tablet PCs  Display high definition videos and pictures  Thousands of applications for productivity and leisure  Touch screen  Web-based programs

6.  Gaming Systems  Wi-Fi  Touchscreen  Camera and microphone enabled for recording and pictures  Wide variety of educational games and purposes  Hand-held or easily portable

7.  eReaders  Wi-fi  Web-based programs and various applications  Voice over program to assist struggling readers  Enlarged print and font color  Helps with organization skills using eTextbooks

8.  Smartphones and PDAs  Wi-Fi and Internet accessible  Hand-held  Touchscreen  Used for cellular, texting, and multimedia as a camera, listening to music, and recording  Thousands of productivity programs and applications

9.  Easy accessibility  Flexibility  Portable  Internet capabilities  Variety of tools  Aid in collaboration and communication  Enhance teaching and learning

10.  Limited accessibility to Internet for students outside the classroom  Limited resources with technology within schools and districts  Help students develop 21 st century skills to mimic what will be expected in the future and workforce  Change the perception of how mobile devices can be use in education

11.  Mobile phones were the first of the mobile devices  Evolved from two-way radio to aid with communication after WWII  Lead innovator of first mobile phone was Dr. Martin Cooper in 1973  First portable cell phone became available to consumers in 1984

12.  Initial problems with development include:  Costs  Size  Limited cell area

13.  Various developers for other mobile devices  Marketed for similar purpose:  Choice of devices  Portability  Communication  Accessibility

15.  1993- first mobile phone with PDA features was created as well as text messaging(SMS) by consumers  1995- Blackberry line of cell phones began with Internet usage  1996- first flip phone developed call StarTac  1998- first color palmed sized PC  2000- Palm Pilot series created  2003- Palm, Blackberry, and Dell Windows Mobile phones released

16.  2005- Microsoft 3G and Window Mobile created  2006- Microsoft 5.0 Smartphone, Nintendo’s Wii, and PlayStation 3 released  2007- Apple’s iPod Touch and iPhone released; Android operating system; Amazon Kindle; Netbooks  2008- myriad of Smartphones consumed the market

17.  2009- Kindle 2 and Barnes & Noble Nook eReaders released  2010- Apple releases iPad and iPhone 4; Blackberry PlayBook, and T-Mobile’s myTouch 4G  2011- Xbox 360 released

18.  Produced by various companies  Costs range from $0 to $1,000 depending on device  Marketed through word of mouth, television and online ads, newspaper/magazines, Internet websites, billboards, and store displays

19.  Teachers and administrators will be innovators and early adopters  Strategies to aid with adoption will include:  Compatibility- consistent with individual needs  Trialability-work with many different devices during a trial period  Observability-assess what works best

20.  Prepares students for workforce in 21 st century  Promotes problem-solving in real time  Use media to communicate effectively  Ability to work collaboratively and be creative  Fluent in assessing and acquiring information

21.  Target administrators and teachers  Function as key change agents to diffuse adoption  Get buy-in from community and parents  Shape individual perceptions by emphasizing the importance of adopting mobile devices as tools to enhance learning  Provide incentives to those who adopt early

22.  Decentralized diffusion system best approach  Wide sharing of power and control among teachers and administrators  Peer diffusion through horizontal networks  Problem-centered approach  High degree of adaption

23.  According to Lucking, Christmann, and Wighting (2010), cell phones hold the most promise for the spread of one-to-one computing.  Bestwick and Campbell (2010) stated that 69% of children ages 2-17 were reported users of the Internet.  Fastest growing population of Internet users are among 2-5year olds (Bestwick & Campbell, 2010).

24.  Prepare students for future  Inevitable change  Combat the accessibility gap for those with limited resources

25. Let’s ignite a revolution of students prepared to be successful in the 21 st century. Be an agent of change and a champion leading the way to incorporate these tools and use mobile devices to create positive experiences for teachers and students!

26. Bestwick, A. & Campbell, J. (2010). Mobile learning for all. Exceptional Parent, 40(9), 18-20. Eisele-Dyrli, K. (2011). Mobile goes mainstream. District Administration. 47 (2), 46-48, 50, 52-55. History of cell phones. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.tech-faq.com/history-of-cell-phones.html http://www.tech-faq.com/history-of-cell-phones.html History of mobile devices (n.d.) Retrieved from http://eyelevelholdingsllc.net/2010/11/history-of- mobile-devices/ http://eyelevelholdingsllc.net/2010/11/history-of- mobile-devices/

27. History of mobile phones. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_pho nes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_pho nes Lucking, R. A., Christmann, E. P., & Wighting, M. J. (2010). Hang up and learn: Cell phones in the science classroom. Science Scope, 33(9), 82-85. Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. Technology lifecycle. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_lifecycle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_lifecycle