1. Physical Science ~ Grade 7
Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10

2. Chapter 2-Standards of Measurement

3. History of SI/Metric System
SI/Metric Units are a system of measurement based on units of 10.
This system was developed in 1960.

4. SI/Metric Units and Symbols
Quantity Measured
Unit
Symbol
Length
Mass
Time
Volume of Liquid
Temperature

5. Vocabulary Terms and Equipment
Length-
Mass-
Time-

6. More Vocabulary Terms Volume-amount of space occupied by a liquid
Temperature-amount of kinetic energy in an object
Density-mass per unit volume of a material

7. SI/Metric Conversions Table
Kilo
Hecto
Deka
UNIT
Deci
Centi
Milli
King
Henry
Doesn’t
Usually
Drink
Chocolate
Milk
/1000
/100
/10
X 10
X 100
X 1000 km hm
dam
Meter dm cm mm kl hl
dal
Liter dl cl ml kg hg
dag
Gram dg cg mg
.001 kg
.01 hg
.1 dag
1 g
10 dg
100 cg
1000 mg

8. Graphing
Line Graph-shows trends or how data changes over time (ex. Stock market)

9. Graphing
Bar Graph-compares information collected by counting

10. Graphing is finally done!
Circle/Pie Graph-used to show a fixed quantity broken into parts

11. http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/default.aspx www.brainpop.com
Resources- Chapter 2

12. Force & Motion Acceleration
Chapters 3, 4, 5, & 6
Force & Motion
Acceleration

13. Chapter 3 Vocabulary Speed- rate of change in position
Instantaneous Speed- rate of motion at any given instant
Average Speed- speed that is constantly changing
Constant Speed-
speed that does not vary

14. Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Velocity- describes both speed and direction of an object
Acceleration- rate of change of velocity
Force- push or pull on an object
Net Force- changes the velocity of an object
Balanced Force- forces equal in size and opposite in direction
Unbalanced force- force is greater on one side

15. Phew… Chapter 3 Vocabulary is over!
Friction- force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other
Weight- measure of gravitational pull on an object
Gravity- every object exerts a force on every other object

16. If your weight on Earth is 100 lbs…
Vector Extra: Determine the formula for calculating your weight on the moon.

17. Newton’s Laws of Motion
FIRST LAW OF MOTION:
An object in motion/at rest remains in motion/at rest until a net force acts on it.
AKA: LAW OF INERTIA
SECOND LAW OF MOTION:
The force of an object is equal to its mass
times acceleration.
AKA: F = M x A
THIRD LAW OF MOTION:
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
AKA: ACTION/REACTION

19. Slow Flyer Lab! Problem:
Can you design a “slow flying” paper airplane?
Hypothesis:
My plane will fly _______ meters in _______ seconds.
Materials:
stopwatch/timer calculator
meter stick paper
Data/Test Hypothesis:
Design “slow flyer”
Fly plane
Record distance & time
Calculate velocity
Conclusion:
Did you support your hypothesis?
Slow & Steady

20. Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Air Resistance- force air exerts that is opposite in direction
Terminal Velocity- highest velocity reached by a falling object
Projectile- anything thrown or shot through the air
Centripetal Force- force acting toward the center of a curved or circular path

21. Directions of Motion Horizontal Motion-
motion parallel to earths surface
Vertical Motion-
motion perpendicular to earths surface

22. Resources- Chapters 3 & 4 www.physics4kids.com

23. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Energy- ability to cause change (do work)
Work- transfer of energy through motion
Force x Distance = Work
Kinetic Energy- energy in motion
Potential Energy- stored energy
Thermal Energy- Heat Energy
Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the environment

24. Chapter 6 Vocabulary Conduction- transfer of energy or particles
Direct contact
Convection- heat through currents
Bulk movement
Radiation- transfer of energy in waves

25. Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Insulators- do not allow heat to easily move through them
Are you down?

26. MORE… Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Sweat/Evaporation- liquid to gas
Humidity/Condensation- gas to liquid

27. Chapter 8
Solids, Liquids, & Gases

28. The States of Matter BEC’s Solids Liquids Gases Plasma Particle
Arrangement OR Kinetic Energy
*Least kinetic energy
Close together
Almost as close as solids
Separate from each other
Positive & Negative particles
* Most kinetic energy
Volume
Yes No
Shape
Other
Bose-Einstein Condensates
(in a LAB only!)
“Super Cold Blob”
Can’t be squeezed into smaller spaces
Take shape of container
Expand to fill container
Most abundant in the universe
“Super Hot Mass”

29. Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Kinetic Theory of Matter- tiny particles are in constant motion
Thermal Expansion- particles expand when they get hotter, and condense when they cool
Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the environment

30. Gas Laws Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Decrease the volume of gas
Increase pressure of gas
Charles’ Law
Increase the temperature of a gas
Increase volume of gas

31. Fluid Laws Archimedes’ Principle Bernoulli’s Principle
Buoyant force = weight of fluid displaced
“Archimedes Afloat”
Bernoulli’s Principle
Increase velocity
Decrease pressure
“Bernoulli for the Birds”
Pascal’s Principle
Pressure is unchanged throughout a fluid
“Pascal’s Paste”

32. Chapter 9

34. Describing Matter
Physical Property- color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point
Physical Change- change in size, shape, or state of matter
Chemical Property- indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change
Chemical Change-when substance changes into a different substance
Law of Conservation of Mass- mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of the substances after the change

35. Chapter 10 Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

36. Vocabulary-Periodic Table
Chemical Symbol- abbreviated way to write an element’s name, ex. H for Hydrogen, He for Helium
Atomic Number-number of protons in an atom
Atomic Mass- equals the number of protons & neutrons in an atom
Isotope- atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
Groups- Vertical columns have similar properties, noble gases group 18
Periods- Horizontal rows on the table
Metals-left of stair step line, mostly solids at room temp., good conductors of heat & electricity
Nonmetals- right of stair step line, gases and brittle solids
Metalloids- make up the stair step line, properties of both metals and nonmetals

38. Vocabulary-Atomic Model
Nucleus-positively charged center of an atom, contains most of the mass of the atom
Proton-positively charged particle in an atom, equal to the atomic number
Neutron-neutral/no charge particle in an atom
Electron-negatively charged particle outside the atom , mass considered negligible (so small) it orbits the nucleus in the electron cloud
Quarks-smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons

39. Atomic Model Diagram

40. Websites Ch’s 5-10