1. Geographic Information Systems Cloud GIS

2. ► The use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over the Internet ► The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol to represent the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams Cloud Computing

3. ► Traditionally people rely on their own personal computers for every task, but - PCs have limited processing capacity - PCs have limited processing capacity - The utilization of personal computers is low - The utilization of personal computers is low ► A new trend in information technology, moving software from personal computers to the Internet Cloud Computing

5. ► Upload and manage photos online ► Share photos with family and friends ► Post photos everywhere on the web e.g. Flickr

6. ► Cloud services are the use of computer resources (hardware and software) in cloud systems ► One may rent cloud services, such as editing, managing, and sharing photos, the same way as one rents textbooks from bookstores Cloud Computing..

7. Web-GIS DataData Optional Separate data storage Internet or Intranet Internet or Intranet Server(s) Clients

8. ► A cloud system is like a giant centralized server

9. ► Like power plants that deliver electricity to customers through power grids ► Cloud systems deliver computing resources to end users through the internet Cloud Computing.. Power Plants Power Grids Customers

10. ► The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud-like symbol used in the past to represent the telephone network History of Cloud Computing http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508

11. ► The concept of cloud computing dates back to 1961, when Prof. John MacCarthy predicted that ‘computation may someday be organized as a public utility.’ http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/ http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection/ ► In 1991, Salesforce.com, one of the first movers in cloud computing, introduced the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website History..

12. ► In 2002, Amazon launched its cloud service ► Google brought cloud computing to the forefront of public consciousness by introducing Google Docs in 2006 http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/ http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/ History..

13. ► In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and a host of companies joined cloud computing History.. http://eatenbylinux.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/cloud-computing-providers.jpg

14. ► Software as a Service (SaaS) ► Platform as a Service (PaaS) ► Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Computing Models

15. Cloud System.. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg

16. ► Cloud providers operate application software in the cloud and users access the software from the client side ► Users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the application is running Software as a Service (SaS)

17. ► This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the user's own computers ► e.g. Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud Drive… Software as a Service (SaS)

18. ► Cloud providers deliver a computing platform, including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, etc. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

19. ► Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing their own hardware and software ► e.g. Google App Engine, Amazon Web Services Platform as a Service (PaaS)

20. ► Providers offer computers, as physical or more often as virtual machines, and other resources ► Developers and IT organizations do not need to purchase expensive computers and equipment, but pay for computer infrastructure-like utilities from cloud service providers (“pay as you go”) ► e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

21. ► Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Google Docs, and Amazon Cloud Drive ► They perform the functions that were traditionally done with software installed on personal computers Popular Could Systems

22. ► A cloud based online Office suite ► Process Word docs, Excel, and PPT slides ► Allows one to create, edit, and share docs online using web browsers on any devises online using web browsers on any devises Google Docs

23. ► A personal hard drive in a cloud system ► Allows users to upload and download files through web browsers ► Comes with web apps with which users can read books or play music on the cloud drive Amazon Cloud Drive

24. ► A personal assistant app comes with iPhone (location-based service) ► One can use voice to send messages, schedule meetings, and place phone calls Siri http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html

25. .. Cloud Servers Voice Digital file Instructions Voice

26. ► Multi-tenancy - Resources in cloud systems can be shared among a large number of users - Improve the efficiency of cloud systems and save cost for cloud service providers Characteristics of Cloud Computing

27. ► Scalability - Even when the total work load for a cloud system increases dramatically, the system could improve its capacity by adding more hardware to handle the increased load Characteristics..

28. ► Elasticity - A cloud system only delivers the minimum amount of computing resources that meet users’ need - The amount of resources provided to users increase when they need more, and decrease when they need less. Users only pay for what they consumed Characteristics....

29. ► Device independent - Users can utilize cloud services using whatever device they have, should it be a laptop, an iPad, or a smart phone, as long as they have access to the Internet Characteristics..

30. ► Low cost - Users do not need to purchase expensive computers to perform tasks that need high performance computing - Much like rent a book from the UB bookstore or borrow one from the UB library. One spend only a fraction of the cost of buying the book Characteristics..

31. ► Reliability - Multiple redundant sites are used in cloud systems. There are always backups available when one or more sites are down Characteristics..

32. ► Security and Privacy - Hackers and malicious insiders may hack into users’ cloud accounts and access sensitive data stored in cloud systems - Companies hosting cloud services have full control on users’ data. They may intentionally collect personal information for personalized ads Issues in Cloud Computing

33. ► You create a beautiful map using ArcGIS and want to share it with friends ► You can definitely email it if the size of the map is small. What if your map file is 600MB, too large to send via email? ► Even if your friends get your map, do they have access to ArcGIS to display a shape file? GIS and Cloud Computing

34. ► How about using GIS services in cloud systems? ► ArcGIS online (arcgis.com). Create or upload your map to ArcGIS online and share it with your friends with a few simple clicks Cloud GIS..

35. ► Problems in desktop GIS - Data intensive. The size of GIS files can be hundreds of MB or more - Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, such as buffer and network analysis, may take an extensive amount of time - GIS software is mostly expensive. Individual users and small organizations can not afford commercial GIS software Cloud GIS..

36. ► GIS in cloud systems - Anything that needs a large storage space or high performance computing can be handled easily by cloud systems - Users only pay a small amount of money for GIS services in cloud systems Cloud GIS..

37. ► Google Maps Powered by a cloud system, Google maps allow users to perform many tasks, such as exploring maps, finding places, getting directions and more. All these could be done with a web browser Cloud GIS Examples http://maps.google.com /

38. ► ArcGIS Mobile - Extend ArcGIS to iPads and iPhones - Access GIS data on mobile devices - Collect and edit GIS data using GPS in mobile devices Examples.. http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-for-mobile.pdf

39. ► Cloud computing tools, methods, technologies, and application research and development ► Communication and performance analysis of Cloud computing ► Geospatial applications onto Cloud platforms ► Studies of how to ensure and utilize the capacity of spatial cloud computing Research Topics in Cloud GIS