1. Density’s affect on Earth Layers of the Earth And Atmosphere

2. I. Layers of The Earth—Inside Out” A. The Inner Core B. The Outer Core C. The Mantle D. The Crust

3. LayerSizeState of Matter Compostition (what its made of) DensityTemperature Inner Core 1300 Km Thick SolidIron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel 11.5 g/cm³ 5000-6000ºC Outer Core 2250 Km Thick LiquidIron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel 10.5 g/cm³ 2200-5000ºC Mantle 2900 Km Thick Putty-like Solid Mostly: 1.Silicon 2.Oxygen 3.Iron (7.8 g/cm3) 4.Magnesium (1.7 g/cm3) 4.4 g/cm³ 870-2200ºC Crust 8-32 Km Thick Solid RockMade of most of the elements—most common: 1. Oxygen 46%--(1.4 g/cm3) 2.Silicon 27%--(2.3 g/cm3) 3.Aluminum 8%--(2.7 g/cm3) 2.7 g/cm³ 0-100ºC

4. II. Inner Core A. Solid B. Composition: Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)----or steel C. Size: 1300 Km Radius D. Temperature: 5,000 – 6000° C E. Average Density: 11.5 g/cm3

5. F. Earths Core— creates a magnetic field around the earth (magnetosphere). Van Allen Belts: Magnetism burning up UV radiation from sun

6. III. Outer Core A. Liquid B. Composition: Iron and Nickel C. Size: 2250 Km thick D. Temperature: 2200-5000ºC E. Average Density: 10.5 g/ml

7. IV. The Mantle A. Putty-Like Solid B. Composition: Mostly Silicon (Si--2.3 g/cm3), Oxygen (O---1.4 g/cm3), Iron (Fe--- 7.8 g/cm3), and Magnesium (Mg--- 1.7 g/cm3). C. Size: 2900 Km thick D. Temperature: 870-2200ºC E. Average Density: 4.4 g/cm3

8. F. Forces in the Mantle: Convection Currents cause movement in the crust—Earthquakes and Volcanoes.

9. V. Crust A. About 8-32 Kilometers Thick. B. Temperature between about 0-100 C. C. Solid Rock. D. Composed of most of the elements known to man— most common Oxygen 46%, Silicon 27%, and Aluminum 8%

10. G. Composed of Tectonic Plates

11. Tectonic Plates

12. VI. Hydrosphere: A. The Oceans, Lakes, Glaciers, and clouds on top of the earth’s crust. B. The average density is 1 g/ml.

13. Earths Atmosphere: Lowest to highest LayersPropertiesTemperatureAltitude Troposphere17 to -52° C14.5 Km StratosphereAround -3° C50 Km MesosphereAround -93° C85 Km ThermosphereAround 1,727° C 600 Km

14. VII. Atmosphere A. Composition: 78% Nitrogen and 21 % Oxygen. The rest is Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other trace gases.

15. B. Layers: 1. Troposphere: The lowest layer where we live. Clouds and weather form here. 14.5 Km high and temp is 17 to -52° C. 2. Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer (molecules of three Oxygen atoms) which burns up deadly rays from the sun. Goes to about 50Km high and temp is around -3° C.

16. Layers Cont. 3. Mesosphere: Goes to 85 Km. Temp -93°C. It is the coldest layer. It is also the layer in which meteors burn up. 4. Thermosphere: The hottest layer of the atmosphere—up to 1,727°C it extends to 600 Km high.

18. VIII. Properties A) The higher you go the less dense. B) The higher you go the less pressure.